The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-UVB of three kinds of fermented fruit peel extracts by pectinase enzyme, including pomegranate, pomelo, and banana peel. The antioxidant was evaluated by the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed by disk diffusion assay, and the photoprotective activity was measured using a photospectrometric method. The results revealed that pomegranate peel extract at 3000 IU/g peel exhibited potent free radical scavenging property against DPPH, with the smallest IC50 value at 0.18%, which was better than that of pomelo peel extract at 55.79%. Furthermore, the results suggested that the pomegranate peel extract also exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli better than pomelo peel extract, but none of the three samples shows the antibacterial capacity against S. aureus. Moreover, 10% pomegranate peel extract also expressed the strongest anti-UVB activity, with an SPF value of 36.582. The research demonstrates pomegranate peel’s bioactivity potential for further experiments.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant causal agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), with huge production losses of white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultivated globally, including aquaculture farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Controlling this disease is critical because of the worldwide expansion of antimicrobial‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of multi‐antibiotic resistance (MAR) in V. parahaemolyticus isolated from AHPND white leg shrimp extensively cultivated in Bac Lieu Province (Mekong Delta). Based on biochemical tests and toxR‐PCR positive detections, 34 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility examination revealed that most of the isolates were phenotypically multidrug resistant, including resistance to ceftazidime (100%) and amoxicillin (97.06%), followed by colistin (74%) and erythromycin (65%). These isolates were highly sensitive to doxycycline (94%), followed by florfenicol (74%) and flumequine (71%). There were 27 distinct MAR phenotypes detected among 34 isolates, with 14.71% of the isolates exhibiting the antibiotic profile AMO‐CEF‐CEP‐COL‐ERY, followed by 11.76% for each of the profiles AMO‐CEP‐TET‐COL and AMO–CEP–COL. In particular, 25 isolates (75%) were resistant to at least 5 (of the 12) antibiotics tested. A hierarchical clustering analysis of antibiotic‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates indicated cross‐transmission across farms and its ability to survive in aquatic environments for extended periods (over 3 months). Our findings support the hypothesis that the variety of MARPs in V. parahaemolyticus is the result of human activities. Environmentally friendly therapy strategies should be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
Genetic variability and correlation analysis are fundamental references for the innovative development of breeding programs to improve varieties and desirable traits. In the present study, the correlation and path analysis was conducted to understand the association among yield, micronutrients (iron and zinc), and protein content under aerobic conditions in local rice landraces from various agro ecological regions of Karnataka, India. The grain yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with plant height, the tiller number, spikelet fertility, flag leaf length, and test weight. The zinc content was negatively correlated with grain yield per plant. The phenotypic path-coefficient analysis revealed that the total number of tillers, grain length, test weight, and harvest index exhibited a positive direct effect on grain yield per plant, while Grain protein content showed a low direct effect on this trait. This study also indicated that harvest index, flag leaf length, spikelet fertility, and test weight could be considered to make for a higher yield.
Abstract. Thuy NP, Nam NN, Trai NN, Thao NHX, Phong VT, Khang DT. 2022. Potential of Trichoderma spp. isolated in the rhizosphere to produce biofertilizer from organic materials. Biodiversitas 23: 6386-6396. Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi present in nearly all soils and capable of secreting large amounts of cellulase enzymes that can degrade carbohydrate polymer. In the current study, eight isolates of Trichoderma spp. (TC10-RL11, CT11-VO11, CN2-DP11, CN1-DP11, TC9-RL11, CN4-VR11, CK6-VC11, and TC8-RL11) were isolated. Among the eight fungal strains, the CN4-VR11 had highly potent CMC degradation with a halo’s diameter zone of 8.7 ± 1.5 cm. The BLAST result indicates that the CN4-VR11 strains and Trichoderma reesei had a similarity of 98.92% with a max score of 1158 and an E-value of 0.0. The Trichoderma reesei CN4-VR11 was selected for bioproduct production. The application of Trichoderma reesei CN4-VR11 bioproduct passively increased the efficient decomposition of the organic fertilizers, after only 30 days of incubation, the total organic matter content ? 20% was observed to be soft, spongy, and brown-back in color. According to the Government of Vietnam’s Decree No. 108/2017/ND-CP on fertilizer management, dated September 20, 2017, the T5 and T7 treatments were chosen for the production of granular bio-compost, which has a more practical use in agricultural land.
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