The synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 /polyaniline (Fe 3 O 4 /PANI) nanomaterials by a chemical method is presented in this paper. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the lattice constant a = 8.376 A 0 and the particle size of is about 14.5 nm for all samples, since polymer cannot in uence the crystal structure of Fe 3 O 4. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the Fe 3 O 4 grain sizes vary from 13 nm to 20 nm. The results of Raman spectral analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis reveal that the PANI partly forms in the Fe 3 O 4 /PANI nanomaterials samples. Thus, the grain size of Fe 3 O 4 /PANI nanomaterials is about of 25-30 nm, which has been con rmed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The saturated magnetic moment of Fe 3 O 4 /PANI samples is decreased from 66 emu/g to 39.7 emu/g with PANI content varying from 5% to 15%. However, Fe 3 O 4 /PANI nanomaterials are stable on chemical-physical properties and lead to improve an arsenic adsorption ability. In addition, Fe 3 O 4 /PANI sample with PANI 5% content has the highest arsenic adsorption ability in pH 7. In strong acidic or basic media, the arsenic adsorption of magnetic nanoparticles is insigni cant. The results suggest the desorb can be conducted at pH 14 then the materials could reabsorb in further trials.
Flower‐like bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) hierarchical microspheres were synthesized successfully at room temperature in the presence of ethylene glycol and KI as solvent and iodide source, respectively and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin from aqueous media under visible light irradiation. Optimal conditions for the synthesis and photocatalytic processes were obtained by using the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with central composite design (CCD). Based on the CCD, the quadratic model represents the relationship between the following factors: reactant concentration (0.009–0.116 mol/L), percentage of ethylene glycol (15%–85%) for synthesis processes and contact time (12–108 min), BiOI dosage (0.05–2.45 g/L), and initial concentration (1.1–5.9 mg/L) for photocatalytic processes. The obtained BiOI structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the proposed quadratic model in accordance with the experiment results in an R2 value and lack of fit F‐values of 0.9987 and 2.79 for synthesis processes, and 0.9977 and 3.06 for photocatalytic processes. It was observed that ethylene glycol not only acted as a solvent but was also a soft temple for the fabrication of flower‐like BiOI hierarchical microspheres. The optimum conditions of reactant concentration and percentage of ethylene glycol for synthesis processes were obtained at 0.063 mol/L and 85%, respectively. Additionally, under visible light irradiation, the synthesized flower‐like BiOI hierarchical microspheres can remove levofloxacin up to 99%. The optimum conditions of contact time, BiOI dosage, and levofloxacin initial concentration for photocatalytic processes were obtained at 90 min, 2 g/L, and 2 mg/L, respectively.
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