Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are one of the largest distributed enzymes, which catalyze more than 20 different reactions. At present, there has been an increasing realization of the power of P450 biocatalysts for the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, bulk chemicals, food ingredients, etc. On the other hand, the conditions of industrial processes at high temperature, high-pressure or in chemical solvent require the enzymes, which catalyze the bioconversion, have a specific properties such as thermostability, chemical tolerance or barophilicity. Up to date, the number of thermostable P450s is limited. Nowadays, DNA-metagenome technique gives us a chance to catch novel genes and unique interesting enzymes from microbial community in certain ecology. In this paper, metagenomic DNA extracted from water samples from Binh Chau hot spring was sequenced using Illumila’s HiSeq platform and was analysed to mining putative genes encoding cytochrome P450. The sequencing generated 9.4 Gb of reads containing 156,093 putative ORFs, of these, 106,903 genes were annotated in NCBI non-redundant protein sequence database. Among all the ORFs were annotated, 68 putative ORFs encoding cytochrome P450 were found belong to 36 specific groups of cytochrome P450 protein family. Of these, the melting temperature (Tm) from thirty-six completed ORFs was predicted for a better understanding of thermodynamic stability.

The sedimentary environment characteristics in Mong Cai coastal area were assessed through pH, Eh, grain sizes, 226Ra, 210Pb, S‰, DO parameters. Mong Cai coastal area is mostly influenced by Ka Long river system that makes changes in the salinity, pH of water, pH and Eh of sediment, grain sizes, and sedimentation rates in the coastal area. There were six sediment types in the coastal area which were coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, very fine sand, very coarse silt, and coarse silt. Fine sand was common in surface sediments; very fine sand was dominant in sediment core at Ka Long river mount; coarse silt and very coarse silt were common in sediment core at Mui Ngoc. The average sedimentation rate at the Ka Long river mouth (0.72 cm/year) was higher than that at the Mui Ngoc (0.27 cm/year). The sedimentary environment was divided into 3 groups, the first group was marine characteristics higher than the terrigenous characteristic, the second group was terrigenous characteristics higher than marine characteristics, and the third group was marine characteristics. In sediment cores showed 3 stages. In stage 1, distribution fine sand, very fine sand, and very coarse silt, from 52 to 80 cm at the Ka Long river mouth and from 40 to 52 cm at the Mui Ngoc. In stage 2, distribution of very coarse silt, coarse silt, from 38 to 52 cm (1947 - 1877) at Ka Long river mouth with sedimentation rate from 0.08 to 0.31 cm/year, at the Mui Ngoc from 12 to 40 cm (1944 (12 -14 cm)) with sedimentation rate of 0.09 cm/year. In stage 3, distribution very coarse silt, very fine sand, fine sand, from 0 to 38 cm (1919 - 1961) at the Ka Long river mouth with sedimentation rate of 0.34 - 1.62 cm/year, at the Mui Ngoc from 0 to 12 cm (2019 – 1966) with sedimentation rate of 0.07 - 0.51 cm/year.

Beneficial plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been reasonably applied to rescue crucial issue for agriculture by salinity soil. Observed most of PGPB was found in endophyte, rhizosphere and soil. Indole acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacteria could naturally stimulate and facilitate plant growth. The knowledge of IAA production and content of bacteria resident in the marine environment has been typically insufficient and limited to date. In recent years, unwarrantable intrusions of sea water have been enlarged in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam, threatening productive rice fields, local fruits, and cash crops. Therefore, finding PGPB in the coastal regions in the Mekong River Delta as a creative resource for sustainable agriculture is necessary and is a prompt challenge. In this study, IAA-producing bacteria from coastal regions of Ben Tre and Tra Vinh Provinces were isolated and adequately identified. Out of 202 bacterial isolates, 10 isolates showed the possible ability to produce IAA from L-tryptophan. These 10 isolates were objectively evaluated the capacity to produce IAA under 5% (w/v) NaCl in King B and marine broths. The results revealed that IAA production decreased in 5% NaCl, even though bacterial growth increased. These 10 IAA-producing bacteria were classified at the species level, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, M. pelagius, M. daepoensis, and Mameliella phaeodactyli by 16S rRNA gene analysis. The most IAA producer in King’s B broth, the isolate C7, was investigated in more detail. The isolate C7 produced the maximum IAA amount (192.2 ± 1.14 µg/ml) under the presence of 20 g/l yeast extract, 2 g/l of L-tryptophan and 1% NaCl. The isolate C7 was able to grow at 1–17% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 4%), but not in the absence of NaCl, indicating it is a moderate halophilic bacteria. This study highlighted the considerable ability to produce IAA of marine bacteria, which could be thoughtfully considered to use naturally as biofertilizers to promote plant growth in saline intrusion lands.

Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is an enzyme belonging to the polyphenol oxidase groups, which plays an important role in the oxidation of a wide variety of aromatic substrates, such as lignin, phenol, polyamine, and aryl diamines, as well as a number of other phenolic compounds or inorganic ions in the presence of oxygen. Laccase is widely applied in many different fields, especially in the textile industry, dyeing, and environmental pollution treatment. In this study, we have successfully cloned and expressed cDNA coding for laccase from Pleurotus pulmonarius MPN18 (PpLac). cDNA corresponds to the gene laccase (size 1566 bp) was attached to pET 21a(+) vector and expressed in E. coli BL21, after that the enzyme was purified through HisTrapTM sp 5mL column. The purified PpLac had an activity of 899.8 U, a 74% yield with a purity of 15.2 -fold, and was tested by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with a molecular weight of Mw = 55 kDa. Enzyme displayed optimal activity at 50 ºC and pH 4.0. Enzyme had optimal activity of 20-40 ºC after 120 min incubation and pH 4 after 6 h incubation. In future, the recombinant enzyme will be characterized for supplementation into enzyme cocktail in the treatment of lignocellulosic material.

This paper used multiple time series regression models namely VAR(p) — (Vector Autoregression ) and VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to study the relationship between public spending and some socioeconomic indicators of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) such as — gross Domestic Product; FDI — Foreign Direct Investment..., the topic that has received a special interest of both economists and governmental authorities. With the main contents include introducing the economic geography of Ho Chi Minh City, we expect the empirical results to aim to find the relationship public spending and some socioeconomic indicators of Ho Chi Minh City. Through analyzing research methods and pointing out a suitable model, it helps managers adjust policies, so that public spending brings the highest efficiency to the economic leader of the country, Ho Chi Minh City. This model helps us consider the long-term relationship of variables (time series). The results of the model are read through Granger causality tests, Graph of impulse response function. The table decomposes variance and co-integration equations... They are so useful to show the effectiveness of applying econometric models in the analysis of economic and financial problems.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most interesting respiratory viruses in the world. This virus causes symptoms of illnesses like influenza and imposes a heavy burden on medical services and the economy. However, studies on RSV in Vietnam are limited, while most of the RSV research has primarily been done before 2015. We collected the clinical respiratory samples from severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients to screen for RSV by real-time RT-PCR and study their molecular characteristics. RSV-positive specimens with Ct value < 25 collected between 2017-2018 in north Vietnam were inoculated on the Hep2 cell line. The results showed that 25 (22.32%) RSV virus strains were harvested from the inoculation procedure with 18 RSV A and 7 RSV B. The whole genomes of four representative strains were sequenced with the Illumina iSeq 100. Phylogenetic trees analysis of each subtype were classified as two RSV A and two RSV B sequences as genotype ON1 lineage 1.2 and genotype BA9 respectively. These genotypes were identified as typical Vietnamese strains from 2009-2012. Nevertheless, the RSV strains before 2015 and those in this study had significant differences in the G gene, with 34–35 amino acids in RSV A and 4 amino acids in RSV B. Moreover, the first whole genome of Vietnamese RSV since 2016 may give more understanding of the molecular characteristics of RSVs in Vietnam.

BackgroundHarlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe rare genetic disease that mainly affects the skin. Neonates with this disease are born with thick skin and large diamond-shaped plates covering most of their bodies. Affected neonates lose the ability to control dehydration and regulate temperature and are more susceptible to infections. They also face respiratory failure and feeding problems. These clinical symptoms are factors associated with high mortality rates of neonates with HI. Until now, there are still no effective treatments for HI patients and most patients die in the newborn period. Mutation in the ABCA12 gene, which encodes an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, has been demonstrated as the major cause of HI.Case presentationIn this study, we report the case who is one infant that was born prematurely at 32 gestational weeks with the whole body covered with thick plate-like scales of skin. The infant was severely infected with mild edema, multiple cracked skins full of the body, yellow discharge, and necrosis of fingers and toes. The infant was suspected to be affected by HI. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed as a tool for detecting the novel mutation in one prematurely born Vietnam infant with HI phenotype. And after that, the mutation was confirmed by the Sanger sequencing method in the patient and the members of his family. In this case, one novel mutation c.6353C &gt; G (p.S2118X, Hom) in the ABCA12 gene, was detected in the patient. The mutation has not been reported in any HI patients previously. This mutation was also found in a heterozygous state in the members of the patient's family, including his parents, an older brother, and an older sister who are no symptoms.ConclusionsIn this study, we identified a novel mutation in a Vietnamese patient with HI by whole exome sequencing. The results for the patient and the members of his family will be helpful in understanding the etiology of the disease, diagnosing carriers, assisting in genetic counseling, and emphasizing the need for DNA-based prenatal screening for families with a history of the disease.

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá rõ giá trị của từng đặc điểm trên siêu âm nghi ngờ ác tính trong chẩn đoán ung thư tuyến giáp như giảm âm, bờ không đều, xâm lấn bao giáp, chiều cao > chiều rộng và vi vôi hóa. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu 717 nhân tuyến giáp ở 696 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán xác định bằng mô bệnh học thông qua phẫu thuật gồm: 133 nhân tuyến giáp lành tính, 584 nhân tuyến giáp ác tính. Thời gian nghiên cứu: Tháng 9/2019 đến tháng 8/2020. Phương tiện nghiên cứu: Kính hiển vi với vật kính 40, máy siêu âm GE S7 (Hàn Quốc), Labo giải phẫu bệnh. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu 717 nhân tuyến giáp trên 696 bệnh nhân, 584 nhân tuyến giáp ác tính và 133 nhân tuyến giáp lành tính. Kích thước nhân tuyến giáp trung bình nhóm lành tính là 22,1 ± 12,9mm, nhóm ác tính là 10,6 ± 7,3mm. Kết quả mô bệnh học cho thấy trong 133 nhân lành tính có 94 nhân tổn thương dạng keo (70,7%), 6 nhân tổn thương viêm mạn tính (4,5%), 33 nhân tổn thương u tuyến (24,8%), trong 584 nhân ung thư có 187 nhân vi ung thư thể nhú (32,0%), 397 nhân ung thư thể nhú thông thường (68,0%), 13 nhân ung thư thể nhú biến thể nang và thể khác (2,2%), 5 nhân ung thư thể nang (0,9%). Kết quả trên siêu âm: Trong 584 nhân ung thư có 520 nhân giảm âm (89%), 265 nhân có bờ không đều (45,4%), 121 nhân có xâm lấn bao tuyến giáp (20,7%), 319 nhân có tỷ lệ chiều cao > chiều rộng (54,6%) và 165 nhân có vi vôi hóa (28,3%). Giá trị độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu chẩn đoán nhân ung thư tuyến giáp trên siêu âm với đặc điểm giảm âm  là 89% và 63,1%, bờ không đều là 45,3% và 84,2%, xâm lấn bao tuyến giáp là 30,7% và 97%, chiều cao > chiều rộng là 54,6% và 83,5%, vi vôi hóa là 45,3% và 84,2%. Kết luận: Các đặc điểm nhân giáp trên hình ảnh siêu âm như giảm âm, bờ không đều, xâm lấn bao tuyến giáp, chiều cao > chiều rộng, vi vôi hóa có thể áp dụng trong chẩn đoán nhân ung thư tuyến giáp với độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu tương ứng là 89% và 63,1%, 45,3% và 84,2%, 20,7% và 97%, 54,6% và 83,5%, 28,3% và 93,2%.