Ascorbic acid, widely known as vtamin C, is an essential nutrient for animals such as poultry. Ascorbic acid in poultry feed improves animal health and thus increases the growth performance of birds. Ascorbic acid can be used in the form of synthetic products or can be naturally obtained from fruits and plants. It is soluble in water and can be easily administered in drinking water and the diet. Poultry can synthesize ascorbic acid in the body. However, the performance of the animals can be improved by adding ascorbic acid to their diet. In addition, ascorbic acid is called an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. This increases their resistance to disease during the transition season. Ascorbic acid supplementation positively affects the stress response, especially during the dry season in tropical countries. Furthermore, supplementing ascorbic acid in the poultry's diet improves resistance to diseases, regulates stress, and helps in the body's oxidation process. Ultimately, this enhances the laying rate, egg hatch performance, and higher poultry productivity. For layers at the end of the laying period, it helps increase the quality of the eggshell and reduces the proportion of broken eggs. Ascorbic acid has a strong relationship with other vitamins such as vitamin E and other substances such as zinc, safflower oil, folic acid, and a fibrous diet. This review aims to synthesize all the information of ascorbic acid in the poultry's diet, thereby providing the general role of ascorbic acid for the poultry industry.

The study was conducted to estimate factors affecting the information sources and communication channels that were used by pig farmers to access information about African Swine Fever (ASF) in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam, and to determine the perception of pig farmers about ASF epidemic. The survey used the questionnaires to gather data from 150 pig farmers which was conducted in a purposive method and was analyzed by multiple logistic regression model. The respondents were pig farmers who had experienced at least one year and have been affected by ASF epidemic in raising or trading pigs and other activities of the value chain. The result showed that the decision to choose information from government extension worker as the main information resource was affected by gender, pig herd size, informal education, and formal education (p<0.01) while only gender and education affecting the choice of farming visit as their communication channel (p<0.01). When farmers can access to ASF information, they know how to anticipate the disease and deal with the outbreak. It was concluded that socio- demographic have affected the choice of information sources while only gender and formal education affected communication channels. Furthermore, when accessing information sources and communication channels, pig farmers had an awareness of basic information about ASF.

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for all animals that was discovered through casein hydrolysis. The use of tryptophan as feed additives has been attracting the attention of many nutritionists because it cannot be synthesized enough in an animal's body. Tryptophan or precursor to the vitamin niacin in the diet is important, and its supplementation for poultry is determined to improve the amino acid balance and promote the poultry's growth performance through enhancing appetite, feed efficiency, and protein synthesis. Moreover, poultry in different growth phases, breeding, and conditions require various amounts of tryptophan. In addition, supplemented tryptophan also improves the immune response or the immunomodulatory activity of poultry to various diseases through the kynurenine pathway, especially diseases in the bursa. Furthermore, tryptophan also has a strong relationship with lysine (the ideal tryptophan/lysine ratio) in improving growth performance. However, tryptophan deficiency could affect the behavioral responses (e.g. pecking behavior and poultry stress) because tryptophan serves as a precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin and the pineal hormone melatonin in the diet. This paper tried to summarize all information about applying tryptophan in the diets and illustrate the roles of tryptophan in the poultry industry.

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Agriculture has been developing, which attracts more attention from all aspects of the economy. Besides, the industrialization of agriculture is the process of transforming agricultural production towards a comprehensive industrial direction in all aspects such as implementing livestock industry or agricultural mechanization, modernization of farming process, production in the form of modern farming (intensive farming, increasing crops, fertilizing in cultivation, and animal production). Thanks to the application of science, technology, and technology in the agricultural sector, agriculture activities have improved their productivity. Agricultural products include cattle, fish, poultry, and crops. The methods include economic institutions (economic laws such as supply and demand, value, competition) and legal, political institutions. One of the methods to implement agriculture extension is a cyber extension or using the power of online networks, computer communications, and digital interactive multimedia. The paper aimed to provide an overview of cyber extension in the context of agriculture development. Keywords: Cyber extension, agriculture extension, adoption, agricultural development

Konsumen memiliki beberapa pertimbangan sebelum memilih merek produk tertentu. Namun, ketika konsumen memilih produk olahan daging, harga tidak lagi menjadi faktor yang utama. Konsumen sadar bahwa produk daging olahan memiliki manfaat lebih dari pada daging segar karena dapat disimpan lebih lama. Kenaikan pembelian produk tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan pengusaha agribisnis baru yang menjual produk daging olahan. Penelitian dilakukan di enam provinsi, yaitu Banten, Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Yogyakarta, dan Jawa Timur. Provinsi tersebut merupakan sentra konsumen produk olahan daging dan kepadatan penduduk yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan provinsi lain di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan metode survei untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik sosiodemografi konsumen terhadap persepsi harga dalam memilih merek produk daging olahan. Data primer dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik pengambilan convinience sampling. Sebanyak 456 responden konsumen produk olahan daging terlibat dalam studi ini. Penelitian ini membedakan responden berdasarkan umur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tingkat pendapatan, lokasi tempat tinggal, jenis kelamin, dan pendidikan terakhir signifikan berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan persepsi harga dalam keputusan pemilihan merek produk (P<0.001).  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsumen dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi yang berbeda memiliki pandangan yang berbeda pula terkait harga dalam menentukan pilihan merek produk olahan daging. Pendapatan konsumen menjadi faktor dominan dalam menentukan merek produk daging ternak olahan tertentu.

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I t is important to improve the quality and quantity of local crossbred chickens, called Noi Lai chickens in Vietnam recently due to meet the increasing demand for Vietnamese consumption. Therefore, the studies on local crossbred chickens between Noi chickens and Binh Dinh chickens become popular in Vietnam for recent researches. Linh et al. (2020) recorded that the chickens (Noi Lai chickens) have owned the same characteristics as Noi chickens but the growth performance is better. The application of feed additives has achieved many achievements. The use of amino acid (AA) is the most common in feed formulation. Parsons (2020) recommended that we should make formulation for poultry diets depending on the di-gestible AA basis. Moreover, Methionine (Met) is usually the first limiting amino acid in broiler diets. Besides, there are two common kinds of Methionine which are DL-methionine and Liquid Methionine, classified as organic acid ( Jankowski et al., 2014).In previous studies, there were many positive effects of Met on animal growth performance, especially on poultry. Wen et al. (2018) showed that the supplementation of Met in the diet increases body weight gain and breast muscle of broilers. Rehman et al. (2019) also recorded the positive effect of Met in the diet as the increase of weight gain, carcass weight, chest, and thigh weight was observed. Horn et al. (2009), Ullrich et al. (2019), Elnesr et al. (2019), and Elwan et al. (2019) showed the same results in the increase Short communicationAbstract | The study was conducted on 120 local crossbred chickens to identify the effect of Methionine supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of chickens from 5 -14 weeks of age. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four treatments (0.10; 0.15; 0.20; and 0.25% of Methionine in the diet, the total Met in each diet was increased following the standard of NRC) and three replicates per treatment (10 chickens per replicate, 5 male and 5 female chickens). The chickens had ad libitum accessed to feed and water. The results showed that there was a linear improvement of daily weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion. Methionine supplementation in the diets at the rate of 0.25% reduced feed intake (51.13 g/day), increased final live weight (1513 g/bird), daily weight gain (18.30 g/bird), and improved feed conversion rate (2.79) (P<0.05). Carcass weight, breast weight, and thigh weight showed a linear increase by the Methionine treatments (P<0.05). However, internal organs were not exhibited any significant change (P>0.05) although their weight was increased with increasing concentration of Methionine. It could be concluded that the 0.25% Methionine supplementation is beneficial to improve the performance of chickens.