This paper aimed at studying the antioxidant efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of Clerodendrum splendens, a plant of the Lamiaceae family. Phytochemical tests carried out on extracts of Clerodendrum splendens leaves have been able to detect the presence of secondary metabolites such as Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins and Terpenoids. The results of the antioxidant activity have shown that CSF2, CSF3 fractions and CSB, CSG fractions similarly inhibited hepatic lipids but significantly less than vitamin C. Compared to all fractions, the CSB fraction shows the best inhibitor on the peroxidation of hepatic lipids because at 150 μg/mL, there is a maximum activity (2.5 μg/mL of protein). However, it is found that CSF3, CSF2 and CSG have higher IC50 values than vitamin C (5.613±0.117) while CSEB, CSB and CSC fractions showed lower IC50 values than vitamin C, which is used as the reference reducing compound. The lower the IC50 value compared to vitamin C, the greater the antioxidant capacity of the plant extract. The results of this study suggest that Clerodendrum splendens represents an untapped source of compounds with potential antioxidant activity that could be explored in the development of new therapeutic natural products.
The present work presents the antibacterial activities of organic and aqueous extracts of Allexis batangae and Allexis obanensis (violaceae). These plants were collected in the locality of Kribi (South Cameroon). The leaf powder of these plants was cold extracted with a (1:1) methanol/methylene chloride mixture and hot extracted successively with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Bark powder was cold extracted with methanol and hot extracted successively with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The root powder was hot extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. For distilled water extraction, only the leaf powder was extracted by maceration. The best yield was of the aqueous extract of leaves (4.86%) and the lowest yield was obtained with the hexane extract of barks (0.35%) for Allexis obanensis, the best yield was of the organic extract of leaves with ethanol 8.31% and the lowest value of the yield was obtained with the hexane extract of barks 0.81% for Allexis batangae. These extracts were subsequently submitted to the phytochemical screening which revealed that this plant is rich of flavonoids, alkaloids, sugars, lipids, phenol glycosides and saponins. The antibacterial test was performed using micro dilution method on five species of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella pneumonia, subdivided into nine strains including three ATCC reference strains and six clinical isolates. It flows from these tests that the bark and the roots of Allexis batangae present a great activity against these strains unlike leaves. Among the organic extracts, EA extract of bark and roots strongly inhibited eight strains out of nine, including CM64, BM67, ATCC8739, K2, PS299645, ATCC13048, EA289, ATCC11296 with MIC ranging between 31,2μg/mL to 250μg/mL. However, the EA294 strain was only weakly sensitive to EA extracts of bark and roots and not sensitive to other extracts. The EA extracts exhibited bactericidal activities on the most strains. The aqueous extract of leaves was inactive on all strains tested. For Allexis obanensis, the EA extract of leaves, the ethanol extract of barks and roots and the water extract of roots inhibited the growth of the bacterial tested. This inhibition was performed with MIC equal to 1000, 250 and 125μg/mL. The most active extract was ethanol extract of roots. The sensibility of bacteria to these active extracts was below that of the reference drugCiprofloxacine. After determining the MBC of the extracts whose MIC were equal to 250 and 125μg/mL, the calculation of the ratio MIC to MBC discloses the bactericidal effect of the extracts. These results show that Allexis batangae and Allexis obanensis extracts can be used in therapy against bacterial infections
The research work was conducted to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of extract of E. candollei (Family-Meliaceae). Phytochemical screening was done. Disc diffusion technique was used for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening. Minimal inhibitory concentration of promising extracts was determined by broth microdilution method. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids compounds, tannins and saponins. The inhibition diameters were ranging from 7 to 17 mm and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) from 156.25 to 2500 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract revealed a high radical scavenging activity with IC50 ranging from 9.1026 to 11.8298 µg/mL. The Ferric reducing power activity was obtained with active concentration ranging from 12.5 to 200 µg/mL. These results suggest that extracts from E. candollei possess antibacterial and antioxidant activities and therefore justifies their usage in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Key words:Entandrophragma candollei, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity. INTRODUCTIONThe increasing incidence of infectious diseases in the world particularly in developing country has stimulated the search for new antimicrobial agents. Plants are used as drugs in many countries for the treatment of many diseases (Mahesh and Satish, 2008). A rich heritage of knowledge to preventive and curative medicines was available in ancient scholastic works included in the Atharvaveda, Charaka, Sushruta etc.Over 50 % of all modern clinical drugs are of natural product origin (Stuffness et al., 1982) and natural products play an important role in drug development program in the pharmaceutical industry (Baker et al., 1995). Plants produce a . E-mail: lazaresidjui@yahoo.fr diverse range of bioactive molecules, making them a rich source of different types of medicines. The most important of these bioactive constituents of plants are alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds (Hill, 1952). * Corresponding AuthorE. candollei a large tropical forest tree belonging to the Meliaceae family (Notizbl, 1896) is used in Cameroon for the treatment of infectious diseases including malaria, bacterial and fungal infections (Dibong et al., 2011;Din et al., 2011).Previous investigations of this plant have yielded β-sitosterol, methylangolensate, candollein, atomasin A, atomasin B, epoxiprieurianin and odoratone, prieuranin (Gerard et al., 1997), epoxiprieurianin and prieurianin (Tchouankeu et al., 1989). The present investigation is directed at to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of rootbark, leaves and stem backs of E. candollei. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of plant materialE. candollei was harvested in Yaoundé-Cameroon, (October 2014) and identified at the Cameroon National Herbarium (HNC), where a voucher specimens are deposited (1722/SRFK). Then, leaves stem and root bark were collected, cut into small pieces, dried at room temperature and powdered. Extraction of plant material500g of powder...
Prosopis africana, Family Leguminoceae, is used in ethnomedicine to treat different ailments including, diarrhoea, bacillary dysentery, malaria, male sterility and as a cardiotonic. This research aims at evaluating the antibacterial and antituberculosis activities of fatty alcohol. Heneicosanol (1), hexacosanol (2), nonacosanol (3), β-sitosterol (4), quercetin (5), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and quercitrin (7) were isolated from the leaves of Prosopis africana. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of a spectroscopic analysis and a comparison of their data spectral with those reported in the literature. Heneicosanol (1), hexacosanol (2), nonacosanol (3) were isolated for the first time to this plant and was subject of antibacterial and antituberculosis activities. The results of this study suggest that the compounds 1, 2, 3 had an MBC a respective value of 1.56 µg/mL, 1.62 µg/mL, 0.12 µg/mL against M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis. The study of fatty alcohols provides evidence of activity against clinical isolate of mycobacteria, significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and provides a basis for its possible use as an affordable and effective Antituberculosis agent from natural product.
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