ABSTRAK. Keberhasilan produksi umbi bawang merah dengan menggunakan true shallot seed (TSS) di lahan suboptimal tergantung banyak faktor, antara lain umur benih, kerapatan tanaman, dan dosis pupuk N. Tujuan penelitian adalah menghasilkan umur benih, kerapatan tanaman, dan dosis pupuk N yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil umbi bawang merah asal TSS yang optimal. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di lahan suboptimal Subang -Jawa Barat (100 m dpl.) dengan jenis tanah Latosol Merah Kuning, dari bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2013. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial, dengan tiga ulangan dan tiga faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama (A): umur benih di persemaian, terdiri atas: a = 4 minggu setelah semai, a2 = 5 minggu setelah semai, dan a3= 6 minggu setelah semai. Faktor kedua (B): kerapatan tanaman, terdiri atas: b1= 150 tanaman/m 2 dan b2= 100 tanaman/ m 2 . Faktor ketiga (C): dosis pupuk N, terdiri atas: cl= 150 kg N/ha, c2=225 kg N/ha, dan c3= 300 kg N/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun) dipengaruhi oleh umur benih, tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan dan dosis pupuk N. Umur benih 6 minggu setelah semai memberikan tinggi tanaman paling tinggi dan jumlah daun paling banyak. Bobot umbi basah per tanaman tidak dipengaruhi oleh umur benih, kerapatan tanaman, dan dosis pupuk N. Namun, bobot umbi basah per petak dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan tanaman. ABSTRACT. Success of shallot cultivation by using true shallot seed (TSS) on suboptimal land is dependent upon the planting method of seedling, among others seedling age, plant density, and N fertilization. The objective of this experiment was to find out the proper seedling age, plant density and N dosage for producing shallot bulb from TSS. The field experiment was conducted in lowland of Subang West Java (100 m asl.) with Yellow Red Latosol soil type, from July to October 2013. A randomized block design, with three replications and three treatment factor was used in this experiment. The first factor was seedling ages (4, 5, and 6 weeks after sowing), the second factors was plant densities (150 and 100 plants/m 2 ), and the third factor was N fertilizer dosages (150, 225, and 300 kg N/ha). The results showed that the plant growth (plant height and leaf number) from TSS was affected by seedling ages, but it was not affected by plant densities and N dosages. The highest plant height and the highest leaf number was from seedling age of 6 weeks after sowing. The fresh bulb weight per plant was not influenced by seedling ages, plant densities, and N dosages. But, the effect of plant densities was significantly different on fresh bulb weight per plot. The plant density of 150 plants/m 2 gave the higher fresh bulb weight than the plant density of 100 plants/m 2 . The escape dry bulb weight per plant and per plot and also losses of bulb weight were siginficantly affected by the interaction between seedling ages and plant densities. The highest escape dry bulb weight per plant (11.417g/...
ABSTRAK Penggunaan pupuk hayati merupakan salah satu cara pengelolaan hara ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi input pupuk inorganik, meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil, serta melestarikan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pupuk hayati unggulan nasional (PHUN) paling efektif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi bawang merah di tanah Alluvial. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok, dengan empat ulangan dan 11 perlakuan pengelolaan hara, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pemupukan), pemupukan rekomendasi (2 ton/ha pupuk organik/kompos, 300 kg/ha Urea + 300 kg/ha ZA, 300 kg/ha SP-36, 200 kg/ha KCl), dan sembilan PHUN (Beyonic+, Biotrico, PROBIO-New, Super-BIOST, Bio-SRF, Bion-UP, Bio-Padjar, Agrifit, dan BIOPF) dikombinasikan dengan ½ pemupukan rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PHUN + ½ dosis NPK rekomendasi pada bawang merah di lahan Alluvial (ketersediaan P dan K tinggi) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman, serapan N dan K, serta hasil umbi bawang, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan pemupukan dosis rekomendasi. Perlakuan PHUN -Biotrico, Beyonic +, PROBIO-New, dan BioPF mempunyai efektivitas lebih baik terhadap parameter tanaman tersebut dibandingkan jenis PHUN lainnya.Kata kunci: Allium ascalonicum; NPK; PHUN; Serapan hara NPK; Hasil bawang merah ABSTRACT. The use of organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers environmentally friendly management practices to reduce nutrient inputs in the organic fertilizer, increasing the quantity and quality of results, and preserving soil fertility. The purpose of the research to get national biofertilizers (PHUN) are most effective for improving growth and yield of shallot bulbs in the Alluvial soil. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications and 11 treatments nutrient management, consisted of control (without fertilizer), fertilizer recommendations (2 tonnes/ha of organic manure/compost, 300 kg/ha of + 300 kg/ha ZA , 300 kg/ha SP 36 , 200 kg/ha KCl), and nine types of biofertilizers (Beyonic + Biotrico, PROBIO -New , Super -BIOST, Bio -SRF , Bion -UP , Bio -Padjar , Agrifit , and BIOPF) combined with ½ dose fertilizers recommendation. The results showed that applied of PHUNs and ½ doses of NPK recommendation on shallot in Alluvial soil (P and K high availability) could improve plant growth, uptake of N and K, as well as the dry shallot yield, but did not significantly different with the recommended fertilization. Treatments of PHUN -Biotrico, Beyonic +, PROBIO-New, and BioPF gave better effectiveness on those parameters observed than other types of PHUN.
The stages of post-harvest processing have a very large influence on the yield and quality of rice produced. At the time of grinding grain, the high nutritional content in husks and bran are often wasted and used as animal feed. Through the process of germination of grain, the nutrient content in husks and bran can be used to increase the nutritional content of rice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of grain immersion and germination on the quality of rice produced. The method of this research was germinating grains by variation of soaking and incubation time. The duration of grain soaking, 12, 18, and 24 hours and incubation time period, 18, 24, and 30 hours. The parameters of this research, including ash content, protein, thiamin, and mineral content such as Fe and Mg. The data of this research was processed and tested by complete randomized design with one factorial. The result showed, ash and protein content of rice was a significantly different at 5% level on each treatment. For other parameters, thiamin was significantly different at 1% level on each treatment. The best treatment during the germinating grains process towards the quality of rice was soaking at 12 hours and incubation time 30 hours with length of grain sprout was 1 cm.
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