<p>Budidaya bawang merah dengan menggunakan true shallot seed (TSS) dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa cara, yaitu<br />(1) penanaman TSS langsung di lapangan, (2) penyemaian TSS terlebih dahulu untuk mendapatkan bibit, dan (3) pembuatan umbi<br />mini, yaitu umbi bibit mini (< 3 g/umbi) yang berasal dari TSS. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan media semai, cara semai,<br />dan kedalaman semai TSS paling tepat untuk menghasilkan bibit dan umbi mini bawang merah (var. Bima). Penelitian lapangan<br />dilakukan di Kebun Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, Jawa Barat (± 1.250 m dpl), dari bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2013,<br />menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama (A) adalah media semai, terdiri atas : a<br /> = tanah + pupuk<br />kandang (1:1), a<br />2<br /> = tanah + pupuk kandang + arang sekam padi (1:1:1), dan a<br /> = tanah + pupuk kandang + cocopit (1:1:1). Anak<br />petak (B) adalah cara semai + kedalaman semai TSS, terdiri atas : b<br />1<br />3<br /> = disebar + kedalaman 1 cm, b<br /> = disebar + kedalaman 2 cm,<br />b<br />3<br /> = digarit + kedalaman 1 cm, dan b<br />4<br />2<br /> = digarit + kedalaman 2 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media semai campuran<br />tanah + pupuk kandang dengan cara semai TSS disebar rata di bedengan sedalam 2 cm dan bibit dipindahkan ke lapangan pada<br />umur 6 minggu setelah semai merupakan perlakuan yang baik karena dapat menghasilkan jumlah bibit yang tumbuh cukup banyak <br />dan menghasilkan bobot kering eskip paling tinggi, yaitu 1,51 kg/m<br /> setara 12,08 t/ha (efisiensi lahan 80%). Kombinasi media<br />semai tanah + pupuk kandang + arang sekam padi dengan cara semai TSS disebar pada garitan sedalam 2 cm menghasilkan umbi<br />mini paling banyak, yaitu 358 umbi setara 1.909.333 umbi mini dengan bobot antara 0,938 g/1,5 m<br />2<br /> setara 5,003 t/ha (efisiensi<br />lahan 80%). Hasil umbi mini tersebut hanya sekitar 36% dari total bobot umbi kering eskip yang dihasilkan. Persentase umbi mini<br />yang dihasilkan masih rendah, oleh karena itu penanaman bawang merah asal TSS lewat seedling diduga paling menjanjikan.</p>
ABSTRAK Penggunaan pupuk hayati merupakan salah satu cara pengelolaan hara ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi input pupuk inorganik, meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil, serta melestarikan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pupuk hayati unggulan nasional (PHUN) paling efektif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi bawang merah di tanah Alluvial. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok, dengan empat ulangan dan 11 perlakuan pengelolaan hara, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pemupukan), pemupukan rekomendasi (2 ton/ha pupuk organik/kompos, 300 kg/ha Urea + 300 kg/ha ZA, 300 kg/ha SP-36, 200 kg/ha KCl), dan sembilan PHUN (Beyonic+, Biotrico, PROBIO-New, Super-BIOST, Bio-SRF, Bion-UP, Bio-Padjar, Agrifit, dan BIOPF) dikombinasikan dengan ½ pemupukan rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PHUN + ½ dosis NPK rekomendasi pada bawang merah di lahan Alluvial (ketersediaan P dan K tinggi) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman, serapan N dan K, serta hasil umbi bawang, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan pemupukan dosis rekomendasi. Perlakuan PHUN -Biotrico, Beyonic +, PROBIO-New, dan BioPF mempunyai efektivitas lebih baik terhadap parameter tanaman tersebut dibandingkan jenis PHUN lainnya.Kata kunci: Allium ascalonicum; NPK; PHUN; Serapan hara NPK; Hasil bawang merah ABSTRACT. The use of organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers environmentally friendly management practices to reduce nutrient inputs in the organic fertilizer, increasing the quantity and quality of results, and preserving soil fertility. The purpose of the research to get national biofertilizers (PHUN) are most effective for improving growth and yield of shallot bulbs in the Alluvial soil. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications and 11 treatments nutrient management, consisted of control (without fertilizer), fertilizer recommendations (2 tonnes/ha of organic manure/compost, 300 kg/ha of + 300 kg/ha ZA , 300 kg/ha SP 36 , 200 kg/ha KCl), and nine types of biofertilizers (Beyonic + Biotrico, PROBIO -New , Super -BIOST, Bio -SRF , Bion -UP , Bio -Padjar , Agrifit , and BIOPF) combined with ½ dose fertilizers recommendation. The results showed that applied of PHUNs and ½ doses of NPK recommendation on shallot in Alluvial soil (P and K high availability) could improve plant growth, uptake of N and K, as well as the dry shallot yield, but did not significantly different with the recommended fertilization. Treatments of PHUN -Biotrico, Beyonic +, PROBIO-New, and BioPF gave better effectiveness on those parameters observed than other types of PHUN.
Extremely acidic soils have low pH, high concentration of exchangeable Al<sup>3+</sup> and low cation exchange capacity (CEC) that cause severe growth for most plants. The study was conducted in the soil laboratory of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, from June to August 2019. A randomised complete block design with seventeen treatments, three replications, and three incubation times (3, 30 and 60 days) was deployed to assess the effect of rates of soil amendments, namely 5 to 30 t liming materials ha<sup>-1</sup>, 5 to 20 t rice husk biochar ha<sup>-1</sup>, and 5 to 20 t zeolite ha<sup>-1 </sup>on extremely acidic soils. The results showed that lime materials, i.e., lime, agriculture limestone, and hydrated lime had a similar effect on increasing soil pH and reducing exchangeable Al<sup>3+</sup>. Calcium super seemed more effective in increasing soil pH and reducing exchangeable Al<sup>3+</sup> than local lime due to the high CCE value. However, there was no significant response to the highest rice husk biochar and zeolite rate on soil pH and exchangeable Al<sup>3+</sup>. Rice husk biochar increased the concentration of K<sup>+</sup> and zeolite raised the concentration of Na<sup>+</sup>. However, the effect was minimal. About 3 t lime ha<sup>-1</sup> or 2.5 t calcium super ha<sup>-1</sup> or equivalent to 1.5 to 2 times exchangeable Al<sup>3+</sup> is required to obtain the soil pH target of 4.8, where the exchangeable Al<sup>3+</sup> was less than 0.5 cmol<sub>(+)</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>.
The possibility of using different types of mulch to improve the bulb yield of shallot (Allium cepa var aggregatum) is observed in this paper. The field experiment compared five different types of mulches, including silver, black, straw, screen nylon, and clear plastic mulches, with a non-mulch as a control treatment. Straw mulch and screen nylon mulch reduced shallot biomass but did not significantly affect bulb yield than the control treatment. At the same time, clear plastic mulch increased fresh bulb yield significantly by 30% from 10.26 t ha-1 to 13.29 t ha-1.
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