Soybean is the third important food commodity, after rice and corn, with the increasing trend of demand (8.74%/year). Therefore, the imported soybean is maintained at a high level (1.2 million ton in 2008). The research on efficiency of soybean farm production system was conducted in three districts in South Sulawesi Province, namely Bone, Soppeng and Wajo. The locations were selected using a purposive sampling technique considering that those three areas are the soybean producing centers. This research uses a Cobb-Douglas Production Function applying an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and Profit derived from Cobb-Douglas Production Function with a Unit Output Price Cobb-Douglas Profit Function (UOP-CDFF) technique. The result shows that the technical factors influencing the increase soybean production are the farmers' experience, family labor, urea, KCl, organic fertilizer, ownership dummy (profit sharing), the dummy of soybeans variety (high variety), dummy of planting distance (40 x 15 cm and 40 x 10 cm), and also the land type of dummy. Aamount of the three production input types (fertilizers) could be increased to improve the production. Moreover, positive factors influencing the TER (Technical Efficiency Rating) in soybean farming are land size, farmers' age, educational background, and farmers' experience. Efficiency could still be achieved by decreasing the use of part time labor (non family member) to maximize the income, and by reducing the use of soybean seeds, part time labor and land size to increase the profit. Key words: efficiency, production, farming, technique, profit, soybean ABSTRAKKedelai merupakan komoditas pangan utama setelah padi dan jagung, dengan permintaan yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun (8,74%/tahun). Akibatnya, impor kedelai tetap berlangsung dalam jumlah yang besar (1,2 juta ton pada tahun 2008). Penelitian efisiensi produksi sistem usahatani kedelai dilakukan di Sulawesi Selatan pada tiga kabupaten, yaitu: Kabupaten Bone, Soppeng, dan Wajo. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling) dengan pertimbangan bahwa daerah tersebut sebagai daerah sentra produksi kedelai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis
Consumption of garlic in Indonesia continues to increase. An effort for increasing production to meet the increasing need is by increasing efficiency. This study was aimed to determine the factors that influence production, the level of technical efficiency, and the factors that affect technical inefficiency in the intercropping garlic farming in Karanganyar Regency. The study was conducted in April 2018. Regional sampling was done using multistage cluster sampling method. Sampling of farmers was done by simple random sampling method, with a total of 60 farmers. Analysis of factors that influence production using the OLS method, technical efficiency using Stochastic Frontier analysis with the MLE method. Results showed that the production of garlic with intercropping pattern in Karanganyar Regency was influenced by the land, the quantity of seeds and liquid pesticides. Garlic farming with intercropping pattern in Karanganyar Regency was not technically efficient. Factors that reduce technical inefficiency were age, farmer experience, and training. Production of garlic in Karanganyar Regency can be increased by increasing land area, increasing the quantity of seeds, and reduce the quantity of liquid pesticides. Technical efficiency can be improved through providing training for farmers. ABSTRAKKonsumsi bawang putih di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi guna memenuhi peningkatan kebutuhan tersebut adalah dengan cara meningkatkan efisiensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi, tingkat efisiensi teknis, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi inefisiensi teknis pada usaha tani bawang putih pola tumpang sari di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2018. Pengambilan sampel daerah dilakukan dengan metode multistage cluster sampling. Pengambilan sampel petani dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling, dengan jumlah 60 petani. Analisis faktor yang memengaruhi produksi menggunakan metode OLS, efisiensi teknis menggunakan analisis stochastic frontier dengan metode MLE. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa produksi bawang putih pola tumpang sari di Kabupaten Karanganyar dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan, jumlah benih, dan pestisida cair. Usaha tani bawang putih pola tumpang sari di Kabupaten Karanganyar belum efisien secara teknis. Faktor yang menurunkan inefisiensi teknis adalah umur, pengalaman petani, dan pelatihan. Peningkatan produksi bawang putih di Kabupaten Karanganyar dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan luas lahan, peningkatan penggunaan jumlah benih, dan mengurangi penggunaan pestisida cair. Efisiensi teknis dapat ditingkatkan melalui pemberian pelatihan bagi petani.
<strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Defisit produksi gula dalam negeri antara lain disebabkan oleh rendahnya produktivitas usaha tani tebu. Peningkatan efisiensi teknis dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi teknis usaha tani tebu dengan metode MLE stochastic frontier production function. Data primer diperoleh dari 61 contoh yang dipilih secara acak dari populasi petani tebu di pabrik gula Pakis Baru dan Trangkil di Kabupaten Pati pada April-Mei 2018. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi teknis dan pendapatan usaha tani tebu dengan sistem benih baru lebih tinggi daripada dengan sistem kepras. Penggunaan pupuk kimia sudah berlebihan. Keanggotaan kelompok tani berdampak signifikan dalam meningkatkan inefisiensi pada sistem benih baru, sedangkan keanggotaan dalam koperasi berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan inefisiensi pada sistem benih baru. Jumlah anggota keluarga berpengaruh signifikan dalam mengurangi inefisiensi teknis sistem kepras. Efisiensi teknis dan pendapatan usaha tani tebu dapat ditingkatkan melalui optimasi penggunaan sarana produksi dengan mematuhi rekomendasi pabrik mitra dan pemerintah, khususnya penggunaan pupuk sesuai dosis rekomendasi dan penggantian ratun yang sudah berumur tiga tahun dengan benih baru bermutu tinggi sesuai agroekosistem spesifik lokasi. Untuk itu, penyediaan layanan penyuluhan yang efektif merupakan syarat keharusan. <br /><br /><br /><strong>English</strong><br />Domestic sugar production deficit is partly caused low productivity of sugarcane farming. Improving technical efficiency may increase farm productivity and income. The study aims to analyze the sugarcane farming technical efficiency by using the stochastic frontier production function. The primary data were obtained from 61 randomly selected samples of sugarcane farmers population of the Pakis Baru and Trangkil sugar factories in Pati Regency in April-May 2018. The study shows that the sugarcane farming technical efficiency and income of the new sugarcane seed system is higher than the ratoon system. Chemical fertilizers have been over used. Farmer group membership significantly increases inefficiency of the new sugarcane seed system, while the cooperative membership significantly decreases inefficiency of the new sugarcane seed system. Family member significantly decreases technical inefficiency of the ratoon system. Technical efficiency and farmers’ income can be improved by allocating production inputs in efficient manner based on the recommendations of partner Sugar Factory and Government, of in particular, fertilizer utilizations according to the recommended dosages and replacement of the already three years ratoon seeds with new high-quality seeds in accordance with the local agroecosystem condition. To this end, provision of an effective extension service is imperative.
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