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The purpose of this study is to appraise the integration or convergence issues influencing the mutual functioning of blockchain, AI, and IoT. The study argued that the recent developments in the field of IoT and blockchain prediction have involved the integration of innumerable classification schemes to establish a hybrid model. The introduction of the hybrid technique relies on the prediction performance that strives to override the limitations of any available architectural scheme. This study offers a comprehensive exploratory appraisal of the issues influencing the successful integration of IoT and blockchain in regards to functionality and effectiveness of security, trust, and flawless communication issues. The exploratory research methodology was used in analyzing the issues affecting the integration of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the internet of things (IoT). The findings indicated that the integration challenges influencing the effective operations of blockchain, AI, and IoT as a single system involve security, scalability, accountability, and trust of communications. The study recommends that successful and effective integration will enhance the development of new business models as well as the digital transformation of market corporations. Accordingly, new approaches to convergence should ensure that executives address the new technology demands to obtain significant gains in efficiency.

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Management of municipal solid waste (MSW) involves multiple stakeholders such as government agencies, suppliers, consumers, providers of treatment/recycle services, and transporters. An optimal management strategy should be based on creating synergistic opportunities that benefit the multiple participants. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach for the strategic planning of a municipal solid waste management system. The formulation considers the involved tasks such as recycle, reuse, transportation, separation, and distribution. The proposed approach also accounts for the multiple stakeholders with the objective of maximizing the benefit to all the participating stakeholders. The Latin Hypercube sampling technique is adopted to systematically generate weights for the different stakeholders. A case study from Mexico is analyzed where three scenarios are considered. The first one considers that the separation cost is absorbed by each recycling company. The second one assumes that the government is responsible for the separation cost. The third one requires household inhabitants to carry out waste sorting. The optimization approach is used to analyze the results of the various scenarios and to deduce valuable insights on the interaction among the various stakeholders and the building blocks of the supply chain of MSW management systems.

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Municipal solid waste management has been given serious attention by the authorities of Saudi Arabia (SA). This study focuses on municipal solid waste (MSW) that predominantly contains food, paper, and plastic waste. However, improper handling of MSW causes several environmental and human health issues. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current practices and future opportunities that have been adopted for solid waste collection, handling, and disposal. Considering the current scenario, this study proposed a reversal approach for MSW management. This study considered that MSW generated in SA has great potential to be converted into wealth. Hence, considering the hostile environment anaerobic treatment and incineration for MSW has been proposed in this study for future research.

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