Background: Early diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases constitutes a challenge. While colonoscopy helps in the detection of these diseases; histopathological analysis of obtained biopsies is of greater importance. Aim: This study aimed at the identification of colonic lesions associated with common lower GI manifestations based on colonoscopy and histopathological examination of biopsies. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we included medical records of 710 patients involving their personal, clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data. Included data were of patients who presented with lower GI manifestations, and underwent colonoscopy and biopsy taking in the period from January 2016 to June 2020. Results: The most found pathology was non-specific chronic colitis (NSCC) (59.7%), followed by malignancy 19.3%) then inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (15.6%), hyperplastic inflammatory polyp in 3.7%. Meanwhile, bilharzial colitis was diagnosed in 1.3% of patients. Significant predictors of both NSCC and malignancy were advanced age (<0.001), diabetes, hypertension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody diarrhea. In addition, bleeding per rectum and weight loss were also found to be specific predictors in malignancy. The only predictors of IBD were abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea and weight loss. Conclusions: NSCC, malignancy, and IBD are the most common causes of lower GI manifestations. Moreover, clinical predictors of these diseases are useful in the early diagnosis and management of colonic lesions.
Background: Dyspepsia is a common complain among people suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. Few researches investigated the underlying causes in detail. H. Pylori is considered a major finding in patients with dyspepsia and diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of Endoscopic Esophageal lesion in Relation to H. Pylori infection and histopathological features of esophageal and gastric mucosal biopsies in dyspeptic patients eligible for upper GIT Endoscopy. Patients and Methods: all the patients presented with dyspeptic symptoms and were eligible for upper GIT endoscopy during the period from January 2016 to January 2019were included (n=60). Using endoscopy, gastric biopsies were taken for H. Pylori examination and esophageal lesions biopsies were taken for histopathological examination (n=120 specimens). Results: the prevalence of H. pylori among patients with dyspepsia was 81.7%. The most common endoscopic esophageal pattern with H. pylori was erythema and abnormal vascular pattern (67.3%). Reflux esophagitis was the most common Histopathological finding in H. Pylori positive patients (57.1%). Chronic non-specific esophagitis was higher in H. Pylori negative (9.1%) compared with H. Pylori positive (8.2%). Adenocarcinoma was found in 16.3% of H. Pylori positive patients, however, squamous cell carcinoma was more in H. Pylori negative (27.3%) than H. Pylori positive (6.1%). Conclusion: The majority of patient with dyspepsia has H. Pylori infection. Risk factors for malignant esophageal lesions are old age, male gender, smoking and H. pylori infection
Background: Racial differences have been proven to exist in different morphometric measurements. Therefore, each population should have its own measurements to provide a complete and accurate data base. The precise dimensions of the lumbar epidural space are critical for many spinal surgeries. However, the existed database is limited in accuracy as well as in the parameters recorded. Aim of the Work: This study was performed to provide a large and accurate data base of lumbar epidural spinal morphometric measurements in a segmental manner in normal Egyptian population and to clarify the influence of age and sex on these measurements. Subjects and Methods: Morphometric characteristics of the lumbar epidural space were studied in 160 Egyptians aged 27-74 years using computerized axial scans. Results: The study revealed sex-and age-dependent differences in some of the measurements of the lumbar epidural space. The ligamenta flava thickness increased significantly with advancing age, while the length decreased significantly. The presence of fat in the antero-lateral recesses was more by age increase. On the other hand, the distance from the skin to the posterior epidural space and the distance from the posterior wall of the spinal canal to the dural sac decreased significantly with age. Moreover, the transverse and the anteroposterior diameters of the spinal canal, the facet joint space and the depth of the lateral recess decreased significantly with advancing age. Regarding gender, the distance from the skin to the posterior epidural space was significantly longer in females than in males. While length and thickness of ligamenta flava, the facet joint space and the depth of the lateral recess were significantly more in males. Conclusion: Computerized axial scan clearly may reveal the anatomy of the epidural space, and this work may be a useful guideline to the anatomy of the lumbar spine among Egyptians. Data obtained should be considered during evaluation of the state of the lumbar epidural space before and during spinal surgery and in the diagnosis of the pathological processes in the lumbar region.
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