Industrial activities can contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals in soils, which could potentially threaten public health and the environment. This research was conducted to investigate the relationships between pH and total organic carbon (TOC) with soil chemical parameters, including exchangeable and total Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, K, and Mg concentrations in soils near Panevėžys and Kaunas, Lithuania. Principal component regression (PCR) and non‐linear regression were used to find statistical relationships between pH, TOC, and the other soil properties studied. The results of correlation tests indicated that pH and TOC had strong relationships with most of the soil properties. The results of PCR [R2 = 0·87, RMSE = 0·046] and non‐linear regression [R2 = 0·91, RMSE = 0·041] (pH and the entire parameters), PCR [R2 = 0·777, RMSE = 0·058] and non‐linear regression [R2 = 0·871, RMSE = 0·046] (pH and the exchangeable parameters) to model the relationships between pH and soil chemical properties were promising and significant. Exchangeable heavy metal concentrations increased for pH > 5. Even though the relationships between TOC and heavy metals were significant, they were not as powerful as the relationships between pH and these metals. It was concluded that total metal concentrations in the study soils can be predicted by either pH or TOC. Metal mobility could most likely be controlled at the study site by manipulating soil pH and/or TOC. Finally, it is suggested that when there are financial and time limitations, assessment of total exchangeable metal concentrations using soil pH and/or TOC could be productive. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The investigation is focused on the uptake of heavy metals and macronutrients fluxes in Pinus sylvestris L. wood and soil under the sampled trees from contaminated and control sites. Soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total and bioavailable heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and macronutrients, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were compared on contaminated and control sites. Also, metal uptake of contaminated and control pine woods was determined. Concentrations of soil bioavailable Cd (0.009 mg kg−1), Pb (0.11 mg kg−1), Cu (0.076 mg kg−1), Zn (0.51 mg kg−1) and K (24.42 mg kg−1), Mg (8.44 mg kg−1) on the contaminated plot were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than on the control plot 0.00004 mg kg−1for Cd, 0.007 mg kg−1 for Pb, 0.002 mg kg−1 for Cu, 0.22 mg kg−1 for Zn and 7.81 mg kg−1 for K, 2.40 mg kg−1for Mg. In addition, the percentage of bioavailable metals in contaminated soils was higher. Pb (34.49 mg kg−1), Cu (0.258 mg kg−1), Zn (1.36 mg kg−1) and K, Mg concentrations in wood were statistically higher than on the control site Pb (0.01 mg kg−1), Cu (0.172 mg kg−1), Zn (0.93 mg kg−1), at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively. Cd did not show any significant difference in concentration on the contaminated plot in comparison to the control site. Santrauka Pagrindinis tiriamojo darbo tikslas – nustatyti sunkiųjų metalų kiekį paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris L.), augusios šalia buvusios Ekrano gamyklos Panevėžyje, medienoje bei palyginti su augusios kontrolinėje teritorijoje. Įvertinta ir palyginta abiejų teritorijų dirvožemis, nustatyta dirvožemio pH, bendrosios anglies kiekis (TOC), įvertintos suminė ir judriosios fazės sunkiųjų metalų – švino (Pb), kadmio (Cd), vario (Cu), cinko (Zn) bei makroelementų – kalio (K) ir magnio(Mg) koncentracijos. Nustatyta į pušų medieną užterštoje ir kontrolinėje teritorijose patekusių metalų kiekiai. Akivaizdu, kad judriosios fazės metalų koncentracijos užterštoje teritorijoje (Cd – 0,009 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,11 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,076 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,51 mg·kg–1 ir K – 24,42 mg·kg–1, Mg – 8,44 mg·kg–1) yra didesnės (p < 0,001) nei kontrolinėje(Cd – 0,000 04 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,007 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,000 2 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,22 mg·kg–1 ir K – 7,81 mg·kg–1, Mg – 2,40 mg·kg–1). Pb (34,5 mg·kg–1), Cu (0,258 mg·kg–1), Zn (1,36 mg·kg–1) ir K bei Mg koncentracijos buvo statistiškaididesnės užterštoje teritorijoje (p < 0,05) augusios pušies medienoje nei kontrolinės (p < 0,001) – Pb – 0,01 mg kg–1, Cu – 0,172 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,93 mg kg–1. Cd koncentracija užterštoje teritorijoje augusios pušies medienoje nedaug skyrėsi nuo kontrolinės. Резюме Главной целью научноисследовательской работы было определить количество тяжелых металлов в древесинесосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) на территории бывшего завода «Экранас» в Паневежисе и сравнить его сданными контрольной территории. В исследовательской работе оценены и сравнены почвы обеих территорий,определен показатель рН почвы, общее количество углерода (ОКУ), оценены общие и растворимые концентрации тяжелых металлов свинца (Pb), кадмия (Cd), меди (Cu), цинка (Zn), концентрации макроэлементов калия (K) имагния (Mg). Также оценено попадание металлов в древесину сосны в загрязненной и контрольной зонах. Замечена тенденция: концентрация растворимых металлов Cd (0,009 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,11 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,076 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,51 мг·кг–1) и K (24,42 мг·кг–1), Mg (8,44 мг·кг–1) в загрязненной зоне выше (p < 0.001), чем в контрольной, соответственно Cd (0,00004 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,007 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,002 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,22 мг·кг–1) ir K (7,81 мг·кг–1), Mg (2,40 мг·кг–1). Концентрации Pb (34,49 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,258 мг·кг–1), Zn (1,36 мг·кг–1), K и Mg в древесине были статистически выше на загрязненной территории (p < 0,05), чем на контрольной (p < 0,001) – Pb (0,01 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,172 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,93 мг·кг–1). Концентрация Cd на загрязненной территории существенно не отличалась отконцентрации на контрольной территории.
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