Coal is an important energy source for industry and power plant in Indonesia. Its reserve is quite abundant around 28.5 billion tons. The Government of Indonesia issued the National Energy Policy (NEP) to target 25% of coal use of the national energy mix in 2050. The NEP directs national energy management for the provision and utilization of primary energy. However, there are worries about the ability of coal reserves in accommodating the demand from domestic and export needs. The National Energy Council recommended a coal production restriction policy for anticipation measures. This research investigated the current state of the coal reserves and the government policy to meet the target in 2050 using Vensim program. In the Vensim, a model was built to represent a coal supplydemand system. Several scenarios were simulated to analyze the relationship between government policy and the coal reserve. The result shows that government intervention such as coal production restriction policy is needed to ensure Indonesia's coal reserve can fulfill domestic demand for power generation and industry by 2050.
Rock permeability value is one of the most significant rock’s physical properties that affect groundwater influx processes in underground coal gasification (UCG). This value of rock permeability (K), namely the vertical permeability of flanking rocks (Kv) and horizontal permeability of coal (Kh). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence of the value of rock permeability on the potential of groundwater influx. The effect of rock permeability on groundwater influx into the UCG gasification reactor cavity in the presence of thermal loads and mineral composition content is large and significant to consider. Based on the resistance to heat loads, the type of sandstone lithology is relatively more resistant compared to siltstone and claystone lithology.
Metals mining is one of the sectors that drives the national economy, and produced to meet the needs of human life. Almost all industries need this sector as an input either directly or indirectly. Each creation of the output from this sector requires an input from many other industries. The role of this sector can be traced by calculating its spreading (downstream linkages) and its degree of sensitivity (upstream linkages) of any other sectors in the country. The data used for supporting this calculation comes from trade transactions among sectors that have been compiled into Indonesian input-output tables. The objective of this study is to find the impact of metals mining sector on the regional economy. The method is conducted through approach of input-output analysis. Based on the calculation using inputoutput table analysis, it appears that there are four sectors that almost all its domestic outputs are able to fulfill the needs of other sectors in the country, i.e. tin-, gold-, silver-and other metals processing sectors. In other words, these four sectors have a high downstream linkage to other sectors in the country. The upstream linkages of these four sectors are also quite large because almost all other sectors in the country utilize the products of these sectors, either directly or indirectly. While the output of copper processing sector is almost entirely for exports. It indicates that the other industries in the country have not been able to capitalize this sector products due to various constraints such as technologies and investment in the processing and purification. This means that the copper mining sector has a low downstream linkage to the other sectors in the country, while the upstream linkage of this sector is very small, as the sector does not much utilize the product from other available in the country for the production process. The four sectors are more impactful since they have a high level of upstream and downstream linkages to the other industry sectors in the country compared to the copper mining sector.
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