Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi produktifitas dan keragaman genetik sapi lokal di Ciamis Jawa Barat berdasarkan DNA mikrosatelit, sebagai upaya untuk memperoleh informasi dasar untuk budidaya, konservasi dan pengembangannya. Delapan belas ekor sapi lokal dipelihara selama 58 hari dengan pakan konsentrat dan jerami padi. Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot badan yang ditimbang satu minggu sekali dan persentase karkasnya. Persentase karkas pembanding diambil dari sapi PO, Bali dan sapi hasil persilangan sapi lokal dengan Limousin, Simental, Brahman dan Angus. Data dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak Excel dan SAS (2004). Sampel darah diambil dari dua kecamatan, yaitu Tambaksari 46 ekor dan Cijulang 52 ekor. DNA pembanding diambil dari sapi Bali, PO, Limousin, Simmental, Brahman dan Angus. Analisis keragaman genetik dan filogenetik dilakukan dengan menggunakan 3 lokus mikrosatelit yaitu INRA35, HEL9 dan BM2113. Data genotiping dianalisis menggunakan program POPGENE.32, sedangkan pohon filogenetik dianalisis dengan program MEGA 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) sapi local Ciamis adalah 0,62±0,23 kg/ekor/hari dengan persentase karkas 51,62±1,80%. Persentase karkas sapi lokal Ciamis tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan sapi Bali, PO maupun persilangan. Keragaman genetik sapi lokal Ciamis dalam kategori tinggi, keragaman genetik sapi lokal di subpopulasi Tambaksari lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di Cijulang. Sapi lokal Ciamis mempunyai jarak genetik lebih dekat dengan sapi PO.
Stearoyl-Coa desaturase (SCD1) gene is one of genes that involves in converting saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. SNP at exon 5 in SCD1 gene that changes amino acid valine to alanine (V293A) has an influence to meat fatty acid composition. The aim of this research was to analyze SCD1 gene polymorphisms based on SNP V293A at exon 5 of three Indonesian local cattle. The identification of SCD1 gene polymorphisms was done by using 98, 20 and 7 DNA sample from Ciamis, Bali/Banteng, and Ongole Grade (PO) cattle, respectively. PCR_RFLP method with AciI enzim was carried out to identify SNP Val293Ala. Allelic frequencies and heterozygosity value were analyzed by using POPGENE32. The result showed that SCD1 gene at Ciamis local cattle and PO cattle were polymorphic. Their frequencies were 74.5% and 71.4% for T and 25.5% and 28.6% for C, respectively. There were three genotypes on Ciamis local cattle i.e TT, CT and CC with their frequencies were 52%, 44.9% and 3.10%, respectively. There were two genotypes on PO cattle i.e TT and CT with their frequencies were 42.9% and 57.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, SCD1 gene in Bali cattle was monomorphic. Heterozygosity value of SCD1 gene in Ciamis and PO cattle were 0.38 and 0.44, respectively. Their heterozigosities were categorized as medium.
Point mutation on exon 2 of leptin gene, which changes amino acid encoding from Arginine to Cysteine, may alters the physiological function of the leptin hormone. This study aimed to identify leptin gene polymorphism of Ongole Grade (OG) cattle based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). The DNA sample was taken from 48 head of OG cattle at Balai Pengembangan Perbibitan Ternak Sapi Potong(BPPT SP) Cijeungjing West Java, which was isolated from white blood cell using the high salt method. Amplification of DNA was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), followed by direct sequencing to obtain nucleotide sequence. The SNP analysis was carried out from alignment of sequencing result using Bioedit and MEGA 5.2 program. The results indicated in exon 2 leptin gene of OG cattle there was one synonymous SNPs that did not changeamino acids Serine encoding on g.1025T >C/S17S, while two non synonymous SNPaltered amino acids encoding, those were g.1047C> T /R25C and g.1048G>A/R25H. Those mutations changed amino acids encoding from Arginine to Cysteine and Arginine to Histidine respectively.In OG cattle, the frequency of A allele (44.8%) was higher than C allele (33.3%) and T allele (21.9%). Six genotypes were also identified, i.e. AA (41.7%), CC (20.8%), CT (20.8%), CA(4.2%), TT (10.4%) and TA (2.1 %). Heterozigosity of OG cattle based on leptin gene was 0.65 that was a high category. The A allele was a specific allele on Indonesian local cattle.
Desa Genteng Kecamatan Sukasari Kabupaten Sumedang memiliki kelompok peternak Jaya Makmur yang masih mengelola sistem perkawinan ternak secara tradisional, sehingga penerapan program Inseminasi Buatan (IB) perlu diketahui oleh para peternak. Penerapan program IB membutuhkan suatu pengetahuan dimana terkait pula dengan metode deteksi berahi pada ternak, yang perlu juga dimiliki peternak, sehingga program ini dapat membantu meningkatkan populasi ternak dan diharapkan akan diperoleh keuntungan usaha yang lebih tinggi. Permasalahannya adalah para peternak di Desa tersebut belum memiliki pengetahuan tentang teknologi reproduksi yang dimaksud. Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu diharapkan peternak dapat melaksanakan program sinkronisasi estrus dan IB secara mandiri sehingga pendapatan peternak dapat meningkat. Target yang ingin dicapai adalah dihasilkan modul pelatihan IB dan peternak memperoleh pengetahuan teknologi tepat guna program IB pada Domba. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dan mencapai tujuan tersebut yaitu dengan cara melakukan pelatihan, difusi iptek dan simulasi iptek melalui beberapa langkah yaitu: metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, peragaan dan praktek. Kegiatan meliputi penyuluhan tentang program IB, pelatihan teknis IB terdiri dari perakitan alat penampungan semen (vagina buatan), penampungan semen, pengenceran, pelatihan SE meliputi teknis implan spons. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peternak mengenai program IB dan sinkronisasi estrus pada domba baik dari segi tujuan, manfaat dan teknis pelaksanaannya, namun masih perlu pelatihan lebih lanjut. Disimpulkan bahwa metode pendekatan yang digunakan melalui pelatihan, difusi iptek dan simulasi iptek pada kegiatan ini telah berhasil mencapai tujuan dengan indikator peserta pelatihan telah memiliki pengetahuan baru mengenai program Inseminasi Buatan yang meliputi teori dan keterampilan.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on exon 2 of leptin gene which changes encoding from Arginine to Cysteine could change the function of Leptin as an obese gene which regulated feed intake and energy expenditure. The aims to analyze point mutation based on SNP exon 2 of Leptin gene of Pasundan cattle. This research used 49 DNA of Pasundan cattle from BPPT SP Cijeungjing. Multiplication of DNA was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Analyze of SNP on exon 2 Leptin gene based on nucleotide sequence from direct sequencing of PCR product which was alligned with leptin gene sequence from gene bank using Bioedit and MEGA 5.2 program. The results showed nucleotide sequence of exon 2 Leptin gene in Pasundan cattle is different from Leptin gene sequence of Bos indicus and Bos taurus. It was found one synonymous SNP that did not change amino acids Serine encoding on S17S, and two non-synonymous SNP which altered amino acids encoding, i.e R25C and R25H. In Pasundan cattle, the frequency of C allele (42.86%) was higher than A allele (31.64%) and T allele (25.50%). Six genotypes were identified i.e. CC (24.49%), CT (32.65%), CA (4.08%), TT (8.16%) and TA (2.05 %), AA (28.57%).
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