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The evaporite soil (1.5 to 15 m thick) in the Coastal Range of northern Chile is a serious obstacle to mineral exploration. We conducted a Cu geochemical study in salt beds (mainly gypsum and anhydrite) from this soil. The sampling was distributed over mineralized and barren rocks, in salts of evaporitic soils from hills, slopes, gullies, plains and alluvium-filled valleys. The samples of salt from hills and slopes reflect very well the presence of blind ore deposits, and the magnitude of the Cu anomalies (<200 to >1000 ppm Cu) is independent of the depth at which the mineralization is located. Similar geochemical response has been found in salt from evaporitic soils that cover gullies, plains and alluvium-filled valleys. However, in the last case the magnitude of the Cu anomalies (<20 to >200 ppm Cu) depends on the thickness of the gravels and the depth of leached bedrock that covers the blind deposits. Although the Cu anomalies are spiky, their contrast with the background Cu population is remarkable. Sampling of salt from evaporitic soils appears to be a valuable tool for exploration of buried Cu deposits in the exceedingly arid Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert.

Twelve seaweed species were sampled from 1991 to 1993 in order to detect the impact of natural mineralization and mining in 14 contaminated and non-contaminated areas (between 24°and 30° S -more than 1200 km) along the northern Chilean coast . Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to measure the concentration of 17 chemical elements . The results showed high variability in and between species, among sampling sites and times of collection . The high values of heavy metals in seaweeds suggest that these marine organisms can be used as biological indicators for detecting mineralization and anthropogenic impact on coastal marine communities,