Ecotourism was developed as an economic alternative to part of the resident population of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve in Amazonas, Brazil. Its objective was to decrease pressure on natural resources, incentive conservation and improve the quality of life of local people. This study aimed to investigate the social changes promoted by ecotourism in two villages in the area. Combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods were used, such as participant observation, oral history, as well as structured interviews and descriptive statistical analysis. The study showed that, although the activity was not designed to substitute more traditional economic activities, with the increase in revenue generated by ecotourism, the opportunity costs of agricultural activity was raised, and therefore there was a decrease in the production of manioc flour for consumption in some young families involved with ecotourism.
ResumoOs conhecimentos tradicionais associados ao uso da fibra vegetal Cauaçu (Calathea lutea) para produção de artesanato fazem parte de um conjunto de práticas e técnicas corporais reproduzidas no cotidiano de um grupo de mulheres da RDS Amanã (AM). Este trabalho apresenta uma etnografia da produção de artesanato de cauaçu descrevendo a cadeia operatória e seus significados sociais. O estudo de caso mostra que a vitalização da produção de conhecimentos tradicionais não passa apenas por um "resgate" de conhecimentos, mas por um processo dinâmico onde organização política, mercado, saberes, ambiente e economia são acionados para a ressignificação dos conhecimentos tradicionais e seus produtos.Palavras-chaves: Artesãs, Cauaçu, Conhecimentos Tradicionais. "TEÇUME D'AMAZÔNIA": POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN PRODUCING VITALITY OF TRADITIONAL KNOW-LEDGE AbstractThe traditional knowledge associated with the use of the Cauaçu plant fiber (Calathea lutea) for the production of handicrafts are part of a set of body practices and techniques reproduced in the daily lives of a group of women in the Amanã Reserve, in the Amazon. This paper presents an ethnography of the Cauaçu handicraft production describing the operational chain and its social meanings. The case study shows that the vitalization of production of traditional knowledge is not only about rescuing old practices, but a dynamic process where political organization, market, knowledge, environment and economy are activated in order to re-signify traditional knowledge and its products. "TEÇUME D'AMAZÔNIA": FORTALECIMIENTO POLÍTICO DE LAS MUJERES PRODUCIENDO VITALIDAD DE CONOCIMIEN-TOS TRADICIONALES ResumenLos conocimientos tradicionales asociados al uso de la fibra vegetal Cauaçu (Calathea lutea) para la producción de artesanías hacen parte de un conjunto de prácticas y técnicas corporales reproducidas en el cotidiano de un grupo de mujeres de la RDS Amanã (AM). Este trabajo presenta una etnografía de la producción de artesanías de cauaçu, describiendo la cadena operativa y sus significados sociales. El estudio de caso muestra que la vitalización de la producción de conocimientos tradicionales no es solo un "rescate" de conocimientos, sino un proceso dinámico donde organización política, mercado, saberes, ambiente y economía son accionados para la resignificación de los conocimientos tradicionales y sus productos. Palabras clave: Artesanas, Cauaçu, Conocimientos Tradicionales. TEÇUME D'AMAZON: RENFORCEMENT POLITIQUE DES FEM-MES PRODUCTRICES DE VITALITÉ DES SAVOIRS TRADITIONNELS RésuméLes savoirs traditionnels associés à l'utilisation du palmier Cauaçu (Calathea lutea) pour la production d'artisanat font partie d'un ensemble de pratiques et techniques corporelles reproduites au quotidien par un groupe de femmes de la Réserve de Dévelo-ppement Durable Amanã (état d›Amazonas, Brésil). Cet article présente une ethnographie de la production d'artisanat avec le cauaçu, en décrivant la chaîne opératoire et ses significations sociales. L'étude de cas montre que la vitalis...
This paper discusses the ability of Sustainable Development Reserves to embed (in Karl Polanyi's sense) the economy into the environment through the development of protocols for the sustainable management of natural resources. Based on two decades of work in the Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, we question whether the results are good, fair and viable by comparing two alternatives: unregulated markets and fully protected reserves. We evaluate the interest in sustainability; discuss who benefits and who pays for it; reflect on its potential to reduce inequalities; and discuss its economic and political viability.
The paper presents recent data on the domestic economy of Mamirauá and Amanã Reserves (2010). It focuses on the composition and distribution of incomes and expenses of households, considering three main regions: Amanã, lower and upper Mamirauá. Data is from a socioeconomic survey with a sample of 40% of all of the two reserve's households (n=920).
Resumo Em comunidades rurais da Amazônia o saber partejar faz parte do domínio de algumas mulheres. No entanto, a ampliação do acesso à Saúde Pública aumentou a medicalização do parto, o que ressignifica o papel das parteiras. Este trabalho discute o papel das parteiras nesse contexto, as práticas e as técnicas tradicionais em uma região do Amazonas. O aprendizado do partejar acontece na adolescência e na juventude, as jovens são iniciadas no ofício acompanhando as parteiras mais velhas. Constatamos também que as parteiras exercem importante papel na decisão sobre o encaminhamento das mulheres para o parto nos hospitais das cidades, além do acompanhamento durante a gravidez, às vezes parto e puerpério. Dessa forma, continuam fazendo parte da rede de pessoas que se dedicam aos cuidados com o parto, na qual mais recentemente passaram a interagir práticas tradicionais e conhecimentos médico-científicos.
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