Os crioulos de base lexical portuguesa foram, na maioria dos casos, línguas orais até ao século XIX, quando começaram a surgir as primeiras recolhas de tradições orais, textos e traduções. Como lhes falta uma tradição escrita robusta e generalizada, a nossa recolha e descrição abrangem, além de antologias, materiais que, não sendo antologias no sentido restrito, resultam de um trabalho de compilação de fontes escritas ou orais.

In this article, we present COPLE2, a new corpus of Portuguese FL/L2, which encompasses written and spoken data produced by foreign learners of Portuguese at the University of Lisbon. Over the past few years we are seeing a substantial growth in the area of learner corpus research applied to other languages besides English. Our aim is to enhance the learning data of Portuguese, a less commonly taught language. We believe that COPLE2 will constitute a good resource for teachers and researchers, since it will provide empirical data to: (i) identify general errors in the learning of Portuguese L2; (ii) develop textbooks and other teaching material targeting specific groups of students; (iii) implement teacher training material by taking into account the analysis of the corrections of the teachers. We will briefly describe the work in progress regarding the constitution and linguistic annotation of this corpus. Keywords/Palavras-chaveCorpus de aprendizagem, ensino e aquisição de português LE/L2, anotação do erro. Learner corpus, second language acquisition, foreign language teaching, error annotation.

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In this paper, we present extended argumentation against a raising analysis for every type of relative clauses. Specifically, we argue that purpose relative clauses involve raising of a null operator to Spec,CP, contrary toAfter showing that all purpose relatives in European Portuguese are CPs, we present several arguments in favor of a null operator analysis of this type of structure. First, we show that parasitic gap effects support the existence of a variable in object purpose relatives and in VP adjunct purpose clauses with an object gap. We then show that Principle A effects in object purpose relatives allow to distinguish this type of relatives from

This article reports on an experimental study on the acquisition of prepositional relative clauses in second language European Portuguese by Chinese native speakers. It focuses on the role of resumption, mandatory in prepositional relative clauses in Chinese (the native language of the learners) and non-conventional in European Portuguese (the target language). Results of an oral production task and two online acceptability judgment tasks indicated that resumption does not transfer from the native language, and that Chinese learners of European Portuguese employ movement structures to produce and process relative clauses. Additionally, results showed that resumptive pronouns do not rescue or ameliorate ungrammatical extractions from islands, contrary to what is traditionally assumed in grammatical theory. This finding was kept constant across participants, native and non-native. Overall, we conclude that second language speakers are able to select and reassemble movement features in their non-native language and use similar processing mechanisms as native speakers to analyse island configurations.

Placement tests are a form of assessment that aims at placing students in appropriate levels. Placement tests must, therefore, be based on validity and reliability arguments to ensure appropriateness and consistency of assessment. Despite the growing interest in Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL), both nationally and internationally, to our knowledge there is no validated placement test that informs on general language abilities of adult PFL learners across levels. The POR Nível project aims at designing and validating a placement test for PFL adult learners, from A1 to C1 CEFR levels in grammar, vocabulary, listening and reading components. Corpora of written productions of 15 learners of 3 native languages (English, Mandarin and Spanish) from certified exams of PFL provide the empirical basis for items construction. Also, items’ specifications follow national and international guidelines (CEFR, Camões Profile for PFL), validity, reliability and practicality requirements, and also ALTE and ILTA recommendations. The results found thus far will provide empirical ground for item specification in a validated placement test and eventually contribute to the discussion of the contents of PFL teaching programs.

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Both Cape Verdean Portuguese (CVP) and Santomean Portuguese (STP) are in contact with Portuguese-related Creole languages formed during the 15 th and 16 th centuries: Capeverdean, in Cape Verde, and Santome, Angolar and Lung'Ie, in São Tomé and Príncipe. Despite this, Portuguese is the only official language of the two archipelagos. The goal of this chapter is twofold. First, we aim to compare and discuss corpora data from CVP and STP underlining the impact of sociohistorical factors in some morphosyntactic aspects of these Portuguese varieties' grammars. Second, we will show that the convergence and divergence observed is not only driven by the language contact situation but also by internal change mechanisms.