We describe two cases in Brazil of human subcutaneous infections due to Phaeoacremonium spp. The first case was caused by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. The patient presented with a unique fistulized nodule on the left ankle. The fungus was detected by direct microscopic examination and was isolated repeatedly from material collected from the lesion. This is the first reported case of human infection caused by this fungus. The second case was caused by Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum. The patient presented with multiple nodules around the left ankle and foot. The fungus was detected by direct examination of pus and histological sections of the nodules. It was repeatedly isolated from the clinical specimens. This is the second reported case of human infection caused by this species. CASE REPORTS Case 1. The patient was a 19-year-old male Brazilian clerk residing in the interior of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. He reported the presence of a painful nodule on the surface of his left ankle but had no history of recent injury in the affected area. The nodule was excised on six occasions, but it was not studied histologically or microbiologically. On examination in June 2001, a mycological study of the pus collected from a fistula close to the nodule was performed (Fig. 1A). The patient was otherwise in good physical condition and had no remarkable past medical history. Routine laboratory examination showed no abnormal findings. A direct microscopic examination of a potassium hydroxide preparation of the collected material was negative. However, cultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, England) at 35 to 37°C were positive. After 5 days of incubation, numerous whitish colonies with the same morphology were present. The fungus was tentatively identified as an Acremonium sp. Two more samples of pus were collected a week apart, and the same fungus grew again. Direct examination of the last collected material showed the presence of a few hyaline, septate hyphae (Fig. 1B). An X ray of the affected region demonstrated no bone or joint involvement. The nodule was surgically removed, and the patient received itraconazole (100 mg/day) for 2 months. The patient was then considered cured. Only two healed spots were present in the areas previously occupied by the nodules and the fistula.Case 2. The patient was a 55-year-old Brazilian white male residing in the interior of the Rio Grande do Sul State. He reported nonpainful multiple nodules on his left ankle and foot, with spontaneous drainage of pus. The nodules had appeared 8 months earlier. The patient self-administered ampicillin, cephalexin, and ciprofloxacin, though without medical prescription, but his condition did not improve. There was no recent history of injury to the ankle. Past medical history revealed that he had suffered from hypertension. Eight years before the case study, he had received a renal transplant, for which he had been placed on immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine (100 mg/day), prednisone (15 mg/day) and azathioprine (150 mg/day). ...
"Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the leaves and branches of Ilex paraguariensis (erva-mate)". For the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Ilex paraguariensis six microorganisms were used: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In disks of filter paper 10 µl of hydro-alcoholic extracts of the leaves and branches from two distinct environments were added, with and without sun exposure. The extracts have inhibited levedura, gram-negative bacillus and gram-positive cocos, with no activity to Escherichia coli.
A resistência bacteriana tem sido descrita como preocupação mundial e está relacionada a diversos fatores como: uso abusivo de antimicrobianos, automedicação, falta de conhecimento e/ou descumprimento por parte dos profissionais envolvidos no tratamento. Frente a isso, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) criou a Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) 20/2011 com a finalidade de facilitar a dispensação e controlar o consumo de antimicrobianos. O presente estudo tem a finalidade de analisar prescrições de antimicrobianos orais do ano de 2014 em uma drogaria no município de Erechim-RS, avaliando a sazonalidade climática, a prescrição pela Denominação Comum Brasileira (DCB) e a adequação das prescrições frente a RDC 20/2011. O total de prescrições analisadas foi de 2761. O antimicrobiano mais prescrito foi a Amoxacilina sendo prescrita 1069 vezes, destas 630 estavam em associação com Ácido Clavulânico. Apenas 36,28% das prescrições (1002) estavam com os antimicrobianos descritos pela DCB. Do total de prescrições, 97,57% das mesmas não estavam de acordo com a RDC 20/2011, apresentando a falta de vários itens como idade, sexo, DCB, nome completo do paciente, entre outros. É necessário elaborar mais estudos, campanhas de conscientização tanto para pacientes como para profissionais envolvidos no tratamento, e ter um maior controle tanto na prescrição como na dispensação destes medicamentos.
Susceptibilidade de isolados de Candida de pacientes HIV positivos à azólicos e anfotericina B RESUMO Este estudo foi objetivado a avaliar a suscetibilidade de Candida, isoladas da mucosa oral de pacientes HIV-positivos, frente ao fluconazol, itraconazol, voriconazol e anfotericina B. Os ensaios foram realizados de acordo com o documento M27-A3 (2008) do CLSI e interpretados pelos documentos M27-S3 (2008) e M27-S4 (2012). Os testes detectaram 5,8 % dos isolados resistentes ao itraconazol, de acordo com a M27-S3 e 16,2% de resistência ao fluconazol pela M27-S4. Frente aos demais antifúngicos, todos os isolados foram considerados sensíveis. Os autores discutem estes achados contextualizando-os na ótica dos novos pontos de corte espécies-específicos.
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