DNA Fragmentation in Programmed Cell Death in Nucleate Erythrocytes. A Cytochemical Analysis.

Mello, Maria Luiza S.; Maria, Silvya Stuchi; Schildknecht, Pedro H.P.A.; Grazziotin, Neiva Aparecida

doi:10.1267/ahc.33.355

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The erythrocytes of healthy specimens of C. d. terrificus are characterized by a great resistance to Feulgen acid hydrolysis and to the DNA fragmentation revealed by the TUNEL assay, such that they are simultaneously little committed to cell death (Miyamoto et al, 2005). This is especially evident when C. d. terrificus erythrocytes are compared with nucleated erythrocytes of other non-mammalian vertebrate groups (Mello et al, 2000). Indeed, these characteristics agree with reports on long life span and low metabolic activity in reptilian erythrocytes (Altland and Brace, 1962;Torsoni and Ogo, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Programmed cell death in nucleate erythrocytes of different non-mammalian vertebrate groups varies considerably in terms of frequency and intensity of DNA fragmentation (Mello et al, 2000). In reptiles, the erythrocyte life span is the longest so far reported (Altland and Brace, 1962); on the other hand, a low metabolic erythrocyte activity occurs in this group (Torsoni and Ogo, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromatin supraorganization, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in erythrocytes of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes, Viperidae), infected with the protozoan, Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae)

Miyamoto

Mello

2007

Cell Biology International

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Forms of the protozoan of the Hepatozoon genus are detected free in the circulation and also within some of the erythrocytes of infected snakes. In healthy snakes, DNA fragmentation and cell death usually affect a few circulating erythrocytes in agreement with the long life span expected for these cells. In the present study we investigated whether infection by Hepatozoon spp. affected the incidence of DNA fragmentation and cell death in erythrocytes from the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. Methods such as the kinetics of Feulgen-DNA hydrolysis, and the TUNEL and comet assays, previously used for the study of chromatin organization and DNA fragmentation in erythrocytes of healthy snakes, were used. The results indicated that Hepatozoon spp. increased the DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation typical of cell death in circulating erythrocytes of C. d. terrificus, including cells that do not harbour the parasite. The Hepatozoon infection is thus suggested to accelerate destruction of erythrocytes in the rattlesnake, not only affecting cells harbouring the parasite, but also in those without it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin supraorganization, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in erythrocytes of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes, Viperidae), infected with the protozoan, Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae)

Miyamoto

Mello

2007

Cell Biology International

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“…Larval RBCs, but not co-existing adult RBCs, are selectively sequestered from the systemic circulation by macrophages in the liver and spleen during metamorphic climax [56]. Interestingly, in R. catesbeiana during the metamorphic climax, circulating adult RBCs, but not larval RBCs, contain fragmented genome (DNA ladder) that is typical to apoptotic cells, suggesting that some of the adult RBCs undergo apoptosis just when they appear as in the mature adult frog [55, 58] and that larval RBCs do not undergo typical apoptosis at least in the circulating blood [55]. In X. laevis , larval RBCs trapped in the spleen also exhibit the apoptotic feature, and the number of apoptotic cells reaches its peak at NF stage 60 [57].…”

Section: Apoptosis In Larva-specific and Larval-to-adult Remodeling Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in amphibian organs during metamorphosis

2009

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During amphibian metamorphosis, the larval tissues/organs rapidly degenerate to adapt from the aquatic to the terrestrial life. At the cellular level, a large quantity of apoptosis occurs in a spatiotemporally-regulated fashion in different organs to ensure timely removal of larval organs/tissues and the development of adult ones for the survival of the individuals. Thus, amphibian metamorphosis provides us a good opportunity to understand the mechanisms regulating apoptosis. To investigate this process at the molecular level, a number of thyroid hormone (TH) response genes have been isolated from several organs of Xenopus laevis tadpoles and their expression and functional analyses are now in progress using modern molecular and genetic technologies. In this review, we will first summarize when and where apoptosis occurs in typical larva-specific and larval-to-adult remodeling amphibian organs to highlight that the timing of apoptosis is different in different tissues/organs, even though all are induced by the same circulating TH. Next, to discuss how TH spatiotemporally regulates the apoptosis, we will focus on apoptosis of the X. laevis small intestine, one of the best characterized remodeling organs. Functional studies of TH response genes using transgenic frogs and culture techniques have shown that apoptosis of larval epithelial cells can be induced by TH either cell-autonomously or indirectly through interactions with extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the underlying basal lamina. Here, we propose that multiple intra- and extracellular apoptotic pathways are coordinately controlled by TH to ensure massive but well-organized apoptosis, which is essential for the proper progression of amphibian metamorphosis.

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Chromatin supraorganization, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in snake erythrocytes

Miyamoto¹,

Vidal²,

Mello³

2005

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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In nucleate erythrocytes of several vertebrate groups, the frequency and intensity of DNA fragmentation associated with programmed cell death vary considerably. Although hemoglobin efficiency may be related to erythrocyte life span, and hemoglobin types and erythrocyte life spans are assumed to vary in reptiles, no data on DNA fragmentation and chromatin organization as related to cell death exist for snakes. In the present study, chromatin supraorganization, DNA fragmentation, and cell death were investigated in four snake species (Crotalus durissus terrificus, Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops alternatus, and Bothrops neuwiedii), which differ in their geographical distribution and habitats, by using image analysis of Feulgen hydrolysis kinetics, the TUNEL assay, single-cell gel electrophoresis, and transmission electron microscopy. Relatively few circulating erythrocytes were found to be simultaneously committed to cell death, although there was some variation among the snake species. Conspicuous nuclear and cytoplasmic organelles suggestive of metabolic activity were seen ultrastructurally in most snake erythrocytes. The DNA of the snake erythrocyte chromatin was much more resistant to Feulgen acid hydrolysis (DNA depurination and breakdown) than that of young adult bullfrog erythrocytes, which had a high frequency and intensity of DNA fragmentation. Of the species studied, B. neuwiedii and C. d. terrificus showed the greatest resistance to Feulgen acid hydrolysis and to the DNA fragmentation, revealed by the TUNEL assay. Although B. neuwiedii also showed the lowest frequency of cells with more damaged DNA in the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, C. d. terrificus had the highest frequency of damaged cells, possibly because of the abundance of alkaline-sensitive DNA sites. The results for DNA fragmentation and cell death in erythrocytes of B. jararaca and B. alternatus generally differed from those for C. d. terrificus and B. neuwiedii and may reflect differences in the biology of these species selected under different geographical habitats. The differences in erythrocyte cell biology reported here may be related to hemoglobin variants selected in the mentioned snake species and that would lead the cells to different resistances to unfavorable environmental conditions.

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DNA Fragmentation in Programmed Cell Death in Nucleate Erythrocytes. A Cytochemical Analysis.

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Chromatin supraorganization, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in erythrocytes of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes, Viperidae), infected with the protozoan, Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae)

Chromatin supraorganization, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in erythrocytes of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes, Viperidae), infected with the protozoan, Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae)

Apoptosis in amphibian organs during metamorphosis

Chromatin supraorganization, DNA fragmentation, and cell death in snake erythrocytes

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