Multi-functional laser non-invasive diagnostic systems allow the study of a number of microcirculatory parameters, including index of blood microcirculation (Im) (by laser Doppler flowmetry, LDF) and oxygen saturation (StO2) of skin tissue (by tissue reflectance oximetry, TRO). This research aimed to use such a system to investigate the synchronization of microvascular blood flow and oxygen saturation rhythms under normal and adaptive change conditions. Studies were conducted on eight healthy volunteers of 21-49 years. These volunteers were observed between one and six months, totalling 422 basic tests (3 min each). Measurements were performed on the palmar surface of the right middle finger and the lower forearm's medial surface. Rhythmic oscillations of LDF and TRO were studied using wavelet analysis. Combined tissue oxygen consumption data for all volunteers during 'adaptive changes' increased relative to normal conditions with and without arteriovenous anastomoses. Data analysis revealed resonance and synchronized rhythms in microvascular blood flow and oxygen saturation as an adaptive change in myogenic oscillation (vasomotion) resulting from exercise and possibly psychoemotional stress. Synchronization of myogenic rhythms during adaptive changes may lead to increased oxygen consumption as a result of increased microvascular blood flow velocity.
Keywords: multifunctional diagnostic systems; non-invasive medical spectrophotometry; laser Doppler flowmetry; optical pulse oximetry; fluorescence diagnostics; unit-module algorithm; generalised task description.
AbstractThe devising of a general engineering theory of multifunctional diagnostic systems for non-invasive medical spectrophotometry is an important and promising direction of modern biomedical engineering. We aim in this study to formalize in scientific engineering terms objectives for multifunctional laser non-invasive diagnostic system (MLNDS).The structure-functional model as well as a task-function of generalized MLNDS was formulated and developed. The key role of the system software for MLNDS general architecture at steps of ideological-technical designing has been proved. The basic principles of block-modules composition of MLNDS hardware are suggested as well.
IntroductionLast decades all over the world optical properties of biological tissues at normality and pathology (in vivo, in situ) became mainstream of intensive studies which allow us to confidently talk about the formation of a new multifunctional diagnostics as well as development of optical non-invasive diagnostic devices and systems [1][2][3]. In fact, it became common on medical technology market to have instruments of the optical pulse oximetry [4] and laser Doppler flowmetry [5] as well as devices for fluorescence diagnostics [6], optical coherence and diffusion tomography [3,7], tissue fat detectors, blood glucose, haemoglobin, and oxyhemoglobin analysers [1][2][3]8]. Of the variety of devices of this type the most numerous group of equipment is systems implementing ideology of non-invasive medical spectrophotometry (NMS) [3], when without any bio-samples taken in accessible areas of patient body (skin, oral mucosa, blood, etc.) levels and accumulation dynamics of various biochemical markers: oxyhemoglobin, flavin respiratory enzymes, porphyrins, lipofuscin, NADH, etc. can be estimated. Moreover the most promising direction in developing such NMS devices is the creation of multifunctional (universal) laser non-invasive diagnostic systems (MLNDS) which in a single hardware implementing various methods of NMS combines fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry, etc. [9]. This allows therapist and clinicians not only receive the arithmetic sum of the diagnostic information that could be collected by each of individual method but conduct multifunctional patient examination measurements aimed for identifying subtle individual characteristics of blood flow and tissue metabolism using simultaneous and comprehensive data from different diagnostic techniques [10].Until recently such mono-and at the best double-functional diagnostic instruments have been designing mostly empirically at lack of any serious consideration and systemic theory. It is clear that the most common theoretical basis for the creation and operation of any medical and optical-electronic devices are applicable in general and in the case of MLNDS. ...
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