Information obtained allows the manager to administer these data and therefore to implement actions of improvement, increasing the number of donator of organs and tissues.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se apresentar aspectos inovadores para a prática profissional do enfermeiro, no que se refere ao diagnóstico de morte encefálica no processo de doação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos, abordando as interfaces entre a gerência do cuidado e a segurança do paciente. Enfatiza-se a padronização de processos, utilizada para promover agilidade, redução das perdas por parada cardíaca com aumento concomitante das doações reais, e diminuição do tempo entre o primeiro exame clínico e o explante. Permite que a equipe reconheça as anormalidades e faça as correções necessárias em tempo hábil. Assim, vislumbra-se que a segurança do paciente deve subsidiar as tomadas de decisão e intervenções de gestão, de modo a qualificar a prática de cuidado. DESCRITORES: Gerência; Cuidados de enfermagem; Segurança do paciente; Obtenção de órgãos e tecidos; Transplantes. SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE NO PROCESSO DE DOAÇÃO E TRANSPLANTE DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS PATIENT SAFETY IN THE PROCESS OF ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION AND TRANSPLANTABSTRACT: This article aims to present innovative aspects for the professional practice of the nurse, regarding the diagnosis of brain death in the process of donation and transplantation of organs and tissues, addressing the interfaces between the care management and patient safety. Emphasis is placed on the standardization of processes, used to promote speed, reduction in losses from cardiac arrest with a concurrent increase in actual donations, and reduction of time between the first clinical examination and harvesting of the organ. It allows the team to recognize abnormalities and make the necessary corrections in time. Thus, it is seen that patient safety should be a basis for management's decision-making and interventions, so as to make the care practice of adequate quality. DESCRIPTORS: SEGURIDAD DEL PACIENTE EN EL PROCESO DE DONACIÓN Y TRASPLANTE DE ÓRGANOS Y TEJIDOSRESUMEN: Estudio cuyo objetivo fue presentar aspectos innovadores para la práctica profesional del enfermero acerca del diagnóstico de muerte encefálica en el proceso de donación y trasplante de órganos y tejidos, considerándose las relaciones entre la administración del cuidado y la seguridad del paciente. Se destaca la estandarización de procesos, utilizada para promover agilidad, reducción de pérdidas por parada cardíaca con aumento concomitante de las donaciones reales, así como disminución del tiempo entre el primer examen clínico y el explante. Eso posibilita que el equipo reconozca las anormalidades e haga las correcciones necesarias en tiempo hábil. De ese modo, se constata que la seguridad del paciente debe subsidiar las decisiones e intervenciones de gestión, a fin de calificar la práctica de cuidado.

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender a vivência do paciente com insuficiência renal crônica em lista de espera por um transplante renal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, tendo como referencial teórico a fenomenologia. Os sujeitos do estudo foram vinte pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise como terapia renal substutiva, que aguardavam em lista por um transplante e que estavam ativos na lista de espera. A análise do material obtido possibilitou compreender o medo e a insegurança dos pacientes diante do tratamento dialítico e da possibilidade de não encontrar um doador compatível. Revelando força e coragem, por meio do autocuidado em manter-se bem para a chegada do transplante. Idealizando uma nova vida, um recomeço longe da máquina de hemodiálise. O presente estudo revelou a necessidade de acompanhamento do paciente em lista de espera por equipe interdisciplinar, no sentido de auxiliá-lo a vivenciar essa espera.

Objectives: to identify information that can support creating good practice assumptions to develop family interview for organ and tissue donation. Methods: this scoping study, conducted in two Brazilian hospitals in the southern, between April and December 2017, included integrative review and consultation with 15 families who experienced interview for organ donation. For data analysis, thematic content analysis was used. Results: three categories emerged: communication of death, which shows the need to know the history of hospitalization of patients; emotional support, the team must have mastery of the stages of mourning; information about donation, professionals need to know the stages of the donation process and respect families’ time. Final Considerations: good practice assumptions point to the need for team training, respect for family time and the use of simple language.

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Objective: Identify by means of a management tool causes of losses of possible and potential organs and tissues donation as opportunities of improvements in the organs and tissues donation system. Method: Descriptive and quantitative study developed in three hospitals in the south of the country, which used an instrument of the National Transplant Organization of Spain to trace opportunities of improvements in the scenario of the organs and tissues donation. Tha data collect was carried out in patients´medical records from July and October 2017. The data were analyzed through the descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 321 deaths occurred, 73% were heart arrested and 27% were brain death. In all hospitals the percentage of brain death was higher than 25%. The causes of losses involve hemodynamic alterations 78.3% and medical contraindications 21,7%, with respect to hemodynamic instability 33% related to the hypotension, polyuria 28% , sodium more than 155mEq/l 22% and temperature below 35.5ºC in 17%. Conclusion and Implications for practice: The main causes of loss involve the hemodynamic instability and the contraindication, with respect to opportunities of improvements it was possible to measure the causes of the non-validation of the potential organs donor. The management tool used in the study allows the healthcare team to develop strategies directed towards actual problems incurred at the stages of the donation and transplantation process.

Objective to identify the reasons for refusal of corneas.Method this was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive and correlational study composed of 5,560 optical corneas. The information was taken from the notification, organ procurement and distribution centers database as well as donor records. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of categorical variables and specific tests with a significance level of 5% for assessing the associations between variables. This study met the ethical aspects of scientific research.Results 60% of the donors were male and 40% died by circulatory problems. The main reason for refusal as informed by transplant teams is the donor’s age and the endothelial cell count. For each year added to the donor’s age, there is a 1% decrease in the chance that this cornea will be used for transplantation, and the increase of 100 cells per mm2 increases the chances that this cornea will be used by 9%.Conclusion the main cause of refusal in the acceptance of corneal tissue is related to the age and the endothelial cell count.

El propósito del estudio fue comparar los datos relacionados a la formación y perfil de los coordinadores de trasplante de Brasil y España para evaluar oportunidades de mejoría en la negativa familiar y el mantenimiento del donante en nuestro país. Una minuciosa evaluación fue realizada, comparando los datos de formación del coordinador de trasplante, perfil del coordinador de trasplante y de la metodología de trasplante de cada país. En Brasil el promedio de horas de capacitación recibida antes de empezar a trabajar con trasplantes es de ocho horas, en España de 42 horas. En Brasil 22,9% de los coordinadores de trasplante son médicos y en España 95% son médicos. El tiempo que actúa el coordinador de trasplantes en Brasil es de nueve meses y 22 días y en España 60 meses. El Modelo de Gestión de la Organización Nacional de Trasplante, puede ser adaptado en Brasil, como una forma de mejoría en la formación del coordinador de trasplante y de cambiar las tasas por negativa familiar y por pérdidas de mantenimiento.