FIG. 9. (Color online) The mass-radius relation for nonkaonic and kaonic phases using different parameter sets. The calculations done without considering kaons are represented by the small dotted lines. The solid circles represent the maximum mass in every case. Mass is given in units of solar mass M . Solid squares (r ph = R) and open triangles (r ph R) represent the observational constraints [1], where r ph is the photospheric radius. The shaded region corresponds to the recent observation of a 1.97 ± 0.04M star [6].[1] A.
The objective of this paper is to study the influence of gender on consumer innovativeness of college going young online shoppers of urban India. Open processing innovativeness is measured by adapting the scale developed by Joseph and JYas (1984) while the domain specific innovativeness is measured by using the scale developed by Citrin (2000) for Internet shopping. Survey of 150 young online shoppers reveals that gender has no influence on the innovativeness of online shoppers. Both males andfemales have a higher score for domain specific innovativeness as compared to the open processing innovativeness. They are not very innovative in general but, nevertheless are experimental with respect to new retail websites. They surf new retail websites but are hesitant to shop from new online retailers. Based on our research findings, we have suggested the measures by which marketers can encourage young shoppers to visit and shop more frequently from new retail websites. The recommendations in this paper will be of value to the online marketers, consumer researchers and academicians.
We discuss the role of higher order couplings in conjunction with kaon condensation using recent versions of relativistic mean field models. We focus on an interaction (G2) in which all parameters are obtained by fitting finite nuclear data and successfully applied to reproduce variety of nuclear properties. Our results show that the higher order couplings play a significant role at higher densities where kaons dominate the behavior of equation of state. We compare our results with other interactions (NLl, NL3, G1 and FSUGold) and show that the new couplings bring down the mass of neutron star (NS), which is further reduced in the presence of kaons to yield results consistent with present observational constraints. We show that the composition of NS vary with the parameter sets.
We investigate the role of higher order couplings, along with the condensation of antikaons (K − andK 0 ), on the properties of neutron star (NS). We employ extended versions of the relativistic mean-field model, in which kaon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon interactions are taken on the same footing. We find that the onset of condensation of K − andK 0 highly depends not only on the strength of optical potential but also on the new couplings. The presence of antikaons leads to a softer equation of state and makes the neutron star core symmetric and lepton-deficient. We show that these effects strongly influence the mass-radius relation as well as the composition of neutron star. We also show that the recently observed 1.97±.04 solar mass NS can be explained in three ways: (i) a stiffer EoS with both antikaons, (ii) a relatively soft EoS with K − and (iii) a softer EoS without antikaons.
To explain several properties of finite nuclei, infinite matter, and neutron stars in a unified way within the relativistic mean field models, it is important to extend them either with higher order couplings or with density-dependent couplings. These extensions are known to have strong impact in the high-density regime. Here we explore their role on the equation of state at densities lower than the saturation density of finite nuclei which govern the phase transitions associated with pasta structures in the crust of neutron stars.
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