BackgroundManganese, as an essential element, has neurotoxic effects on basal ganglia and causes parkinsonism, dystonia, and cognitive symptoms in exposed individuals. Transcranial sonography (TCS) is a noninvasive and easily accessible imaging modality for detecting the accumulation of trace elements in the basal ganglia. MethodologyIn a cross-sectional study of foundry workers of one of the automobile manufacturing companies in 2019, the prevalence of parkinsonism was assessed through neurological examination and brain parenchymal sonography or TCS. The prevalence of parkinsonism according to age, smoking, work experience, marital status, and exposure to manganese was determined. ResultsAmong 83 male workers, the prevalence of parkinsonism according to neurological examination, substantia nigra hyperechogenicity on TCS, lentiform nucleus hyperechogenicity, and totally was 33.7%, 9.6%, 10.8%, and 42.2%, respectively. The association between the prevalence of parkinsonism and age, smoking, work experience, marital status, and manganese exposure was evaluated. Parkinsonism according to lentiform nucleus hyperechogenicity was associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 26. 63 (2.38-178.71)) and work experience (OR (95% CI) = 7.18 (0.84-61.32)). ConclusionsAccording to this study, the prevalence of parkinsonism based on neurological examination or brain sonography findings was 42.2%. The implementation of this combined screening method might facilitate earlier detection of affected individuals among manganese-exposed workers.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element used in many industries, such as welding, foundries, the production of metal alloys, especially stainless steel, and the production of dry batteries, pesticides, paints, and explosives. Individuals are exposed to Mn through inhalation of fumes, dermal absorption, and ingestion. This metal is an essential trace element required for normal growth, development, and cellular homeostasis. It has also toxic effects on the central nervous system and can cause Parkinsonism symptoms in exposed patients. Studies on human and animal models reveal that neurons of the globus pallidus, the cerebellum, pons, red nucleus, the thalamus, cortex, and the anterior horn of the spinal cord could be affected by Mn toxicity. Although the diagnosis of manganese-induced Parkinsonism is primarily clinical, there are some supporting features on brain MRI images that may be helpful to objectively distinguish it. This study was designed to review the ways of exposure to Mn, clinical symptoms in case of exposure, and discover the relationship between exposure to Mn and Parkinsonism in the working population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.