Background Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the main cause of non-dental pain in orofacial area. The most common symptoms of TMD are joint pain, joint sound and limitation of jaw function. Botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is considered a potential treatment for TMD due to its pain-relieving properties and its ability to reduce muscle activity. Most of the studies are case series and further investigations are required to prove the efficacy of this treatment modality. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BTX-A injection on the lateral pterygoid (LP) muscle and to evaluate its efficacy regarding TMD. Materials and methods Thirty-eight patients (19 women and 19 men; mean age of 26.53 years) with painful unilateral temporomandibular joint click and LP muscle tenderness were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups; one received an extraoral BTX-A injection in the LP muscle, and the other received a placebo injection. Pain severity, jaw movements, click severity, and Helkimo index were recorded at the first visit, as well as one week, one month, and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and t-tests. Results The results showed that click severity was not significantly different between the BTX-A and placebo groups (P = 0.07). Pain and Helkimo index decreased significantly in the BTX group (P = 0.00 and P = 0.006, respectively); however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.22 and P = 1, respectively). There was a significant difference in lateral movements between the groups (P = 0.00) but not in protrusive movement (P = 0.095). Conclusions It can be concluded that although some studies have stated that BTX injection can make the click sound disappear, in this study, we did not find a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, our results showed that click and pain severity decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, further studies with a higher dosage of BTX and more participants are recommended. Trial registration The local Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences approved this research (IR.SUMS.REC. 01/10/2018 and IRCT20130521013406N3).
Background: In hemodialysis patients, there are some oral hard and soft tissue changes. Objectives: The aim of this single-center, cross-sectional study was to evaluate oral findings in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 144 patients participated. Of them, 28 patients (19%) had diabetes mellitus (DM), 17 patients (12%) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 15 patients (10%) had severe hypertension. The oral cavity was inspected by an oral medicine specialist using proper light, mirror and explorer. The lips, cheek, tongue, palatal mucosa, floor of the mouth, gingiva, pharyngeal fauces, dentures, teeth and occlusion were checked. The significance level was P < 0.05. Results: Around 78% of the studied population had oral manifestations. The most diagnosed finding in hemodialysis patients was dryness of the mouth followed by tooth loss due to mobility and poor oral hygiene. Diabetic cases showed numerous oral symptoms than nondiabetic subjects. Conclusions: Oral lesions in hemodialysis patients is a prominent finding and untreated lesions may cause severe side effects. ABSTRACT Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:There exists an association between hemodialysis patients and oral hard and soft tissue changes. The most diagnosed finding in hemodialysis patients was dryness of the mouth followed by tooth loss due to mobility and poor oral hygiene. It seems that oral lesions in hemodialysis patients are evident and untreated lesions may cause severe side effects. Please cite this paper as: Afroozi B, Ghapanchi J, Khorshidi H, Esnaashari N, Faghih M. Oral findings in hemodialysis patients; a cross-sectional study in Shiraz, Iran.
The antimicrobial activities of and alone and in combination was studied on two human pathogens, ATCC 35668 and ATCC 10556 by macro-and micro-broth dilution alone and in combination with two and three extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for and extracts in were found as 3.125, 6.25 & 1.56 mg/ml respectively, and for they were 1.56, 3.125 & 1.56 mg/ml respectively. MIC of and simultaneously in were 3.125mg/ml; 1.56 mg/ml, and simultaneously in were 6.25mg/ml and 3.125mg/ml; and and simultaneously in were 3.125 and 1.56mg/ml, respectively. MIC of , and extracts simultaneously in were 0.39 and S. sanguinis 0.78 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusively, , and revealed satisfactorily antibacterial effects on and , using a combination of the three extract makes the synergism antimicrobial effect and had the lowest MIC.
Background: Facial harmony and beauty make people attractive. One of the important parts that has a significant role in esthetics is the position of maxillary and mandibular bones. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different positions of both jaws on esthetic preferences among health professionals and laypersons.Materials and Methods: Two colored photographs of e profile were selected among one-hundred patients by evaluating the soft tissue parameters. Photographs were changed with Onyx-ceph software. All soft tissue landmarks of lower 3rd part of the profiles were displaced in the horizontal plane by 2mm intervals relative to the true vertical plane. We selected different group of people as judges, who were lay persons (N=100), general dentists (N=100), plastic surgeons (N=25), orthodontists (N=25), and maxillofacial surgeons (N=24); and asked them to select their preferred profile and acceptable anterior and posterior limits. ANOVA and LSD post-hoc tests were carried out to determine the differences among the responses of groups.Results: No significant differences were found among the judges´ opinion regarding the most attractive profile. Ranges for male photographs were statistically different in evaluators groups. A wider range was accepted for the male subject by plastic surgeons and general dentists which was significant comparing to laypersons (P<0.05).Conclusion: All of the evaluators selected the straight profile as the most preferred one. However, the range of acceptability was the narrowest in the layperson group in comparison with plastic surgeons and general dentists. Gender of the judges did not have an impact on their selections.
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