Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and etiology of molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 8- to 16-year-old children from town (Baddi) of Himachal Pradesh. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2000 children from various schools of Baddi. Molar–incisor hypomineralization was diagnosed on the basis of EAPD 2003 criteria revised in 2009. Results Prevalence of MIH found was to be 2.9%. Demarcated opacities were predominant among all the defects. Postnatal illnesses were highly associated with MIH. The prevalence of dental caries reported in MIH patients was 82.7%. Conclusion Postnatal illnesses are significantly associated with MIH. Molar–incisor hypomineralization predisposes the tooth to dental caries. How to cite this article Thakur H, Kaur A, Singh R, et al. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization in 8–16-year-old Children in Industrial Town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):230–234.
The definite mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains unclear, but it is certain that basically it is through aerosols produced by coughing or other sources. Besides, these aerosolized droplets can remain suspended in an area, even after the person responsible for the transmission has left and thus may result in the surface contamination and infection of the health-care professionals. Most of the dentists worldwide are anxious and have chief concerns about aerosols. Aerosols containing the virus can be a risk. So far, no clear evidence in the literature exists that aerosols containing the virus have affected people and of course, no proof to reject that, either. Most of the dentists have profound fear and anxiety of getting infected while working during the current viral outbreak that has usually been due to the overwhelming reports on the COVID-19 pandemic. Most dental professionals get exposed to infections, and older generations have lived through various health scares in the past, including HIV and SARS. Indeed, there is so much we still don't know about COVID-19, but we can't live with this fear for eternity; we have to find a way to live with this pandemic. Since the aerosols increase during and after the dental procedures, therefore, the Dental offices should adhere to CDC and OSHA guidelines to reduce the risk of transmission of infections. In consideration of the current situation, it will be a wise decision to decrease patient contact, restrict the generation of aerosols and use the best PPE.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted on healthcare workers globally. The psychological impact of COVID-19 among primary healthcare workers who constitute a vulnerable group is yet to be evaluated in South Africa. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers of a rural primary health care setting in South Africa. Method: Self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional design was implemented among medical and nursing care professionals. Psychological problems were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression was performed to determine associated factors for psychological problems. Results: The majority of HCWs were female (82.8%), of which 69.2% nurses and 56.6% single. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression disorders were 97.5%, 97.5% and 44% respectively. Females were 5.3 times (p<0.05) more likely to have stress disorder than males. Household size, perceived threat of family member not becoming infected with COVID-19 and having no concern of staff shortage were found to be protective for stress disorder (p<0.05). Healthcare workers who were not worried of getting infection and not worried of their family members getting infected found to be protective (OR<1, p<0.05) for anxiety disorder. Those 55 years or older were four times more likely to have depression (p<0.05) than their younger counterparts. Healthcare workers who were not worried of their family members would get infected and those were not worried to be infected were less likely (OR<1, p<0.05) to have depression disorder compared to those were worried. Conclusion: Higher rates of stress, anxiety and depression were found among these HCWs. It is therefore imperative that appropriate and timely mental health care supports are provided to avert immediate and long term adverse psychological health outcomes of the HCWs.
The pale, soft, exudative (PSE) syndrome lowers storage quality and consumers acceptability in the particular meat.With the increase in the consumption of parted chickens in Korean meat consumption trade, a parallel increase in the concern over the PSE status of chickens have been noticed. The present study focused on the PSE status of broiler's breast to investigate the effects of different degrees of PSE on its quality and storage characteristics. A total of 46 broiler chickens of 35 days old averaging 1,251-1,350 g were selected for the study. Breast separated and skin was removed. The breast meat was stored at 4°C for 3 days and were analysed for pH, lightness, yellowness, redness, shear force, water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) on day 1 and 3 during the storage. Increase in the degree of broilers breast PSE during storage caused fall in pH and shear force and increase in lightness, cooking loss, TBARS, VBN. Broilers breast PSE status confirms the actual pale soft and exudative nature of meat.
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