To assess adjustments in star oxidant and cancer prevention agent state in pre and post hemodialysis patients experiencing ceaseless renal disease. The study was led on 100 perpetual renal disappointment patients going to outpatient division of nephrology dialysis unit in relationship with bureau of organic chemistry at Kamineni establishment of therapeutic Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda district, Telangana. Age between 30-70 years of either sex measuring their estimated oxidant levels of serum malondialdehyde, serum protein carbonyls and anti-oxidant levels of serum superoxide dismutase, serum catalase prior and then afterward the dialysis session coordinated controls. In the present study, we have observed significant increase in levels of pro-oxidants serum malondialdehyde and serum protein carbonyls fixation and there was reduction in chemical action of cell reinforcement serum superoxide dismutase and serum catalase. Our study highlights the need of screening of cancerous agents in renal Patients in regular intervals for better treatment outcomes and also to improve quality of life of the patients.

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The jigsaw technique is a method of cooperative learning which makes the students depend and help each other in acquiring knowledge. This technique divides the class into groups to work on small problems with the purpose of collaborating into a final outcome. Jigsaw method is simple, comfortable to adopt and easy to implement. Jigsaw method facilitates active learning without traditional lecturing. It is a peer teaching method as an attempt to shift from a teacher to the learner-centred paradigm. The main aim of the study is to develop cooperative learning by using of Jigsaw technique among the 1 st year medical students for learning concepts of biochemistry. And to determine the effectiveness of the Jigsaw technique by post-assessment of their knowledge of biochemistry. A total of 100 medical students were recruited and their pre-knowledge on the concepts of biochemistry was assessed. The students were trained by using the Jigsaw technique and their post knowledge was assessed. In our present, around 28 students in the pretest scored below 60% marks and only 4 students in the post-test scored below 60%, indicating that there was a remarkable improvement in the scores of these students. And also 85 students scored above 80% marks. Jigsaw technique contribute to a better understanding of the concepts, facilitates active learning, problemsolving, improves analytical skills and logical thinking, enhances communication skills among students.

Context: Overt hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder associated with a decrease in 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine and 3,5,3’,5’-tetraiodothyronine levels and increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate all major metabolic pathways. THs play an important role in the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of lipids. Thyroid failure is associated with various biochemical and molecular alterations. Hypothyroidism is the common cause of secondary dyslipidemia as well as cardiovascular risk.Objective: The present review focuses on alterations in lipid metabolism associated with hypothyroidism leading to cardiovascular risk.Methods: The data source is from PUBMED, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. The study is a part of our previous research in studying the variations in lipid profile and transaminases in overt hypothyroidism.Result: The serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apo B), lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), and triglycerides are elevated in individuals with overt hypothyroidism. In addition, it was also observed that the endothelial dysfunction, normal/depressed systolic function, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at rest, as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunction on effort was observed in hypothyroidism.Conclusion: THs play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Hypothyroidism is also linked with altered hemodynamics. The atherogenic lipid profile along with other predisposing factors may contribute to the coronary artery disease.