The origin of hidradenoma was from the eccrine sweat glands, generally found in the head, face, and upper extremity regions. This lesion has not been reported to be large enough to present in the ear lobule. Hence, its description in the otolaryngology literature is extremely rare. The rarity of this neoplasm and failure to identify its morphologic features may lead to misdiagnosis. We present a benign clear cell hidradenoma of the right ear lobule in a 45-year adult male. We encountered a tumour measuring 4 cm in diameter. Mass shows ulcerated surface, bleeds on touch and remained a diagnostic dilemma till an excision biopsy was carried out and a histopathological report confirmed that it was a hidradenoma of clear cell variant. The aim of presenting this case report was interesting in the fact that it has added clear cell hidradenoma in the final diagnosis, in an uncommon site of presentation.
Background:The study of dead is to save the livings. The growing awareness that still births and infant mortalities are unable to reduction has led to a wide spread desire for more information regarding the cause of these deaths. Congenital malformations have become important cause of fetal and neonatal (perinatal) mortality in developed countries and would very soon be increasingly important determinants of fetal and neonatal mortality in developing countries like India. In spite of antenatal diagnostic modality still the fetal autopsy plays the vital role in the conformation as well as identification of congenital anomalies and also for the counseling of the parents, to prevent the fetal congenital anomalies in further pregnancies. This study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out cause of death during the perinatal period at government maternity hospital and pediatric department S.V.R.R.G.G.H. & S.V. medical college Tirupati, and to study the clinical and pathological findings (Gross & microscopic) in fetal and neonatal death. Methods: The present study of congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal deaths was done at S.V. medical college, Tirupati, over a time period of 2 years from September 2008 to 2010 August. Consent for autopsy in requested compassionately, respectfully and fully informed. The present study included dead fetus and neonates with gestational age above 20 weeks of intra uterine life and within 7 days of post natal life. All fetuses of gestational age <20 weeks and all neonates above 7 days of age were excluded from the study. The study also obtained clearance from the ethical committee of the institution. Autopsy was performed by standard technique adopted by Edith L. Potter. External and internal findings followed by histopathological examination, and autopsy findings were compared with available ultrasound findings. Results: A total of 46 Autopsies performed, 40 (87%) were fetal deaths, 6 (13%) were early neonatal deaths. In a total of 46 fetuses, there were 13 male and 33 female babies. On external examination of 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 8 (17.39%) babies showed congenital malformation. On internal examination of the 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 4 babies showed internal congenital anomalies. A total of 46 anatomical and histopathologic examinations were done among fetal and neonatal (perinatal) deaths. Out of 13 autopsies on male babies, 2 had congenital malformation and 33 autopsies on female babies, 7 had congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies were commonest in the birth weight group of 1000-1500 grams accounting for 9 cases. Malformations of central nervous system (33.33%) were most common followed by musculoskeletal system (16.66%), genitourinary and respiratory system (8.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Most number of perinatal deaths occurred in low birth weight and preterm babies. Study of malformations greatly helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in successive pregnancies.
Background: Bisphosphonates are common drugs used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Short term benefits of the bisphosphonates are well known. However, there are concerns regarding their long term use. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the association between bisphosphonate treatment and atypical femoral fractures. Material and methods: The records of nine patients from a tertiary care hospital in Bhopal were reviewed for evaluating the association between bisphosphonate use and atypical femoral fractures. The retrospective analysis was done for the indications, duration of bisphosphonate use, and configuration of associated fractures, management and outcome of the fractures. Results: All the nine patients were females with mean age of 71 years. The mean duration of bisphosphonate use was 7.2 years. Bisphosphonate treatment was given without significant risk factors before the start of treatment in all the patients. A total of 12 fractures were seen in these patients. Management was successful in all the patients who were treated conservatively. Two patients required revision surgery. Conclusion: Indiscriminate use of bisphosphonates seen in many cases and could be hazardous to the patients. There is need for improved awareness among physicians about the correct use of bisphosphonates including its indication, appropriate duration of use, need for follow up and management of associated complications.
Background: Dengue can be detected by various screening and confirmatory diagnostic methods. Among which estimation of platelet count is one such screening test and a better parameter for early prediction of Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The aim of the present study is to assess the platelet count increase by natural foods among dengue patients especially papaya. Methods: 11 patients were admitted on 05-10-16. Fruits like papaya, guava, apples in a small pieces and spoonful of grinded papaya leaves were given on 5-10-16, 6-10-16, 7-10-16 after every 8 hours. Patients were also supported with symptomatic treatment of Dengue. Blood samples of these patients were collected in morning times and was sent to lab for estimation of platelets. Results: On admission platelet count of these patients were between 12000 to 84000 cells per mcL of blood. Increase in Platelet count was observed among all selected dengue patients. Conclusion: Papaya leaf extract improves thrombocytopenia condition, which in turn decreases the incidence of Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome. Still many more studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of papaya.
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