Background:The study of dead is to save the livings. The growing awareness that still births and infant mortalities are unable to reduction has led to a wide spread desire for more information regarding the cause of these deaths. Congenital malformations have become important cause of fetal and neonatal (perinatal) mortality in developed countries and would very soon be increasingly important determinants of fetal and neonatal mortality in developing countries like India. In spite of antenatal diagnostic modality still the fetal autopsy plays the vital role in the conformation as well as identification of congenital anomalies and also for the counseling of the parents, to prevent the fetal congenital anomalies in further pregnancies. This study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out cause of death during the perinatal period at government maternity hospital and pediatric department S.V.R.R.G.G.H. & S.V. medical college Tirupati, and to study the clinical and pathological findings (Gross & microscopic) in fetal and neonatal death. Methods: The present study of congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal deaths was done at S.V. medical college, Tirupati, over a time period of 2 years from September 2008 to 2010 August. Consent for autopsy in requested compassionately, respectfully and fully informed. The present study included dead fetus and neonates with gestational age above 20 weeks of intra uterine life and within 7 days of post natal life. All fetuses of gestational age <20 weeks and all neonates above 7 days of age were excluded from the study. The study also obtained clearance from the ethical committee of the institution. Autopsy was performed by standard technique adopted by Edith L. Potter. External and internal findings followed by histopathological examination, and autopsy findings were compared with available ultrasound findings. Results: A total of 46 Autopsies performed, 40 (87%) were fetal deaths, 6 (13%) were early neonatal deaths. In a total of 46 fetuses, there were 13 male and 33 female babies. On external examination of 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 8 (17.39%) babies showed congenital malformation. On internal examination of the 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 4 babies showed internal congenital anomalies. A total of 46 anatomical and histopathologic examinations were done among fetal and neonatal (perinatal) deaths. Out of 13 autopsies on male babies, 2 had congenital malformation and 33 autopsies on female babies, 7 had congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies were commonest in the birth weight group of 1000-1500 grams accounting for 9 cases. Malformations of central nervous system (33.33%) were most common followed by musculoskeletal system (16.66%), genitourinary and respiratory system (8.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Most number of perinatal deaths occurred in low birth weight and preterm babies. Study of malformations greatly helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in successive pregnancies.
Introduction: Most of the women with breast pathology present as lump in their breast. Malignancy of Breast is the most common problem with increasing incidence in females. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of a breast lump is lifesaving. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple, safe, inexpensive method with wide acceptance and used as a rst-line diagnostic procedure for diagnosis of breast lesions. The main aim of the study w Aim: as to diagnose any palpable lump of the breast in females by FNAC technique and to correlate with histopathology reports. This was a retrospe Setting and Design: ctive study done out in the Department of Pathology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool. Study period was for 2 years (January 2021 to De Materials and Methods: cember 2022). For all breast lumps FNAC was done, processed; Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and Papanicolaou stain was done wherever necessary. For same patients who ever undergone Tru-cut biopsies, excisional biopsies, and surgical specimens were received and histopathological correlation was done. Data was collected and entered in MS excel sheet. The sensitivi Statistical Analysis: ty, specicity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated. Among 531 cases, 426(80.22%) were benign Results: and 105(19.77%) were malignant on cytology. Out of this, 215(40.48%) cases underwent histopathological examination, in which 118(54.88%) were benign and 97(45.11%) were malignant cases. The sensitivity, specicity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the present study were 84.82%, 98.05%, 97.93%, 85.59%, and 91.96% respectively. The FNAC is the common and most important prelimi Conclusion: nary diagnostic test in palpable breast lumps and there was high degree of correlation with a nal histopathological report
The aim of our study was to establish the relative frequency of biopsy proven tumors of central nervous system (CNS). One hundred and twenty (120) CNS Biopsy specimens were studied in a two year period. Out of 120 CNS tumors, 103 were primary, 17 were metastatic. Among 17 metastatic tumors, the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma. The most frequent type of CNS tumour was astrocytoma followed by meningioma.
Background: To determine the signicance of platelet count and platelet indices(MPV,PDW,P-LCR and PCT) in septicemic patients A Prospective study of Platelet count and platel Materials & Methods: et indices of 100 consecutive hemograms with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were retrieved.The analysis was done on automated blood cell counter. The parameters of platelet indices were analyzed statistically. In our study 85(85.00%) out of 100 cas Results: es had increased values of mean platelet volume(MPV) and 75(75.00%) out of 100 cases had increased platelet distribution width(PDW),were statistically signicant. Platelet count and Conclusion: platelet indices ,which are easily available hematological parameters in remote and resource poor areas of our country, should be taken into consideration for suspected cases of sepsis so that prompt treatment can be given accordingly and morbidity and mortality can be signicantly reduced.
Ectopic Pregnancy refers to implantation of fetus in a site other than normal intrauterine cavity,this includes sites like fallopian tube ,ovaries, abdominal cavity. Ectopic pregnancy accounts for 2% of conrmed pregnancy. This is one of the leading causes of mortality in the rst trimester of pregnancy. Timely diagnosis is extremely crucial as delay in diagnosis can lead to mortality. Histopathological examination is required for conrmation of ectopic pregnancy by identifying trophoblastic tissue in ectopic location, since there are other conditions which can have similar presentation clinically. Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on 2 years data collected from January 2021 to December 2022.Clinical details like age of the patient, parity, gestational age were obtained from patients from the available data and the its entry is made in MS Excel sheet. Total of 90 cases(100%) were analyzed in this study and Results: most women with ectopic pregnancy were between the age group of 20 - 25 years 48 cases (53.3%)and presented in 2nd pregnancy 39 cases(43.3%) and most common in 6th week of gestation 29 cases(31.1%) with fallopian tube as the most common site 89 cases (98.8%)and most common on right side of fallopian tube 64 cases(71.1%) with ruptured ectopic pregnancy 57 cases (63.3%)with a total of 8 cases(8.8%) showed no evidence of trophoblastic tissue. Ectopic pregnancy is most common in w Conclusion: omen between 20 to 25 years, in 2nd pregnancy and in 6th week of gestation with most common site of right sided fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancy was conrmed on histopathological examination on 82 cases.A total of 8 cases showed no evidence of trophoblastic tissue were reported as haematosalpinx and chronic salphingitis which are clinically mimicking ectopic pregnancy.
Background: Meningiomas are tumours originating from meningothelial cells. They are commonly located at intracranial, intraspinal or occasionally ectopic site. They show histological diversity and are categorized into three grades by WHO 2007 Classication. This grading helps in predicting their behaviour and deciding treatment strategy. To study the frequency, clinical details, histological typing and grad Aims and Objective: ing of 50 cases of meningiomas. To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of radio-imaging and there correlation with histopathological diagnosis is made Total 50 cases of histopathologically conrmed cases of meningiomas were studied with above men Methods: tioned aims and objectives. Analysis of histological features, typing and grading of all cases were done. Result: Meningioma are the most common extra-axial tumour. Obvious female predominance was observed. The most common histological subtype was meningothelial followed by broblastic. In all cases radiological diagnosis correlated with histopathological diagnosis Conclusion: Meningiomas are slow growing extra-axial tumours majority being intracranial, benign grade I followed by grade II and rarely grade III neoplasms occurring most commonly in elderly females
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