Number of potential drugs are underutilized due to a lack of availability of teratological data. Isosorbide Dinitrate is a saviour drug in angina prophylaxis while chlorzoxazone is a skeletal muscle relaxant and there is no adequate teratogenic study performed till date. This study aims to assess the teratological effect of these drugs on vital organs using the chick embryo model. White Leghorn’s (Gallus gallus domesticus) fertilised chicken eggs were acquired from shivneri agro and hatcheries Nashik and divided into five groups (n=10) as Control, nonteratogenic, teratogenic, chlorzoxazone, and Isosorbide Dinitrate. The drug was injected via yolk inoculation and after inoculation; the eggs were re-incubated at 37.5-37.8°C and 50-60% RH for 21 days. Then the embryos were harvested and evaluated for morphological and histopathological changes. The gross macroscopic examination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and chlorzoxazone treated chicks were normal. The development of the embryo was found shunted in Isosorbide Dinitrate treated group. Microscopic abrasions found in Isosorbide Dinitrate treated group are myocardial congestion, hemorrhage, hydropic degeneration, dislocation of the nucleus, splitting of cells, and infiltration of cells at all three doses. No teratogenic response was observed in chlorzoxazone treated group hence found to be safe. Teratogenic effect of Chlorzoxazone and isosorbide dinitrate in chick embryo provided notable details. Chlorzoxazone was found to be safe in chick embryos in the developmental phase, While Isosorbide dinitrate at highest dose was found toxic and so, it is inadvisable for its utilization in pregnancy.
Introduction: Hepato-renal toxicity is a devastating, non-communicable disease. Because of a lack of information on low-cost management to combat the disease, this study postulates the ameliorative effect of selected phytoconstituents against toxicity. Aim and Objective: The current study reveals an active phytoconstituent, α- Pinene, that has the ability to combat the degenerative effects of CCl4. Methodology: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an organic xenobiotic molecule as well as the most potent hepatotoxic agent used (1200 mg/kg body weight; i.p.) to induce hepato-renal toxicity in experimental rats. To determine in vivo hepato-renal toxicity, three different doses (0.05 ml/kg body weight, 0.1 ml/kg body weight, and 0.15 ml/kg body weight; intraperitoneally) were chosen. Vitamin C at the dose of 250 mg/kg/p.o. was used as a standard, due to its maximum ameliorative activity against oxidative damage in CCl4-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats. For 7 days, the animals were pre-treated with α-pinene and Vitamin C. CCl4 was charged only on the 7th day. Result and Conclusion: The related biochemical tests were studied. CCl4 intoxication reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in liver and kidney cells, which accelerates excessive intracellular ROS production, but α-pinene pretreatment successfully restores it in both liver and kidney cells. Pretreatment with α-pinene and vitamin C for 7 days increased intracellular ameliorative capability in hepatic and renal cells significantly (p 0.01). In conclusion, α-pinene is capable of restoring antioxidant status by quenching intracellular ROS. As a result, α-pinene has the potential to provide hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats.
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