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Background: Over the last two decades, there has been phenomenal advancement in critical care medicine and patient management. Many patients recover from life-threatening illnesses that they might not have survived a decade ago. Despite a decrease in mortality, these survivors endure long-lasting sequelae like physical, mental, and emotional symptoms. Methods: Patients after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge were assessed in a follow-up outpatient department (OPD) clinic for anxiety, stress, and depression. Patients were asked to fill out the questionnaires Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) for assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at 4th, 6th, and 8th months after discharge. ICU data were recorded, including patients’ demographics, severity of illness and length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Patients who failed to follow-up in OPD on designated dates were assessed telephonically. Results: Depression showed a positive, strong, and moderate correlation between length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration. A positive correlation was found between stress and length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. A positive strong correlation was found between anxiety and length of ICU stay, and a moderate positive correlation was found between anxiety and duration of mechanical ventilation. A weak correlation was found between age and neuropsychiatric outcomes. Conclusion: The severity of depression, anxiety, and stress was significantly higher at four months compared to six months. Severity decreased with time. Prolonged ICU stay increased levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. HRQOL improved from four to six months.

Background: To ascertain if herbal dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with Polycarbonate brackets. Material and method: patient had tooth No's 45 included in the study with polycarbonate bracket bonded. Dentifrices tested were Herbal based. Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. Result: Paired T test compared the means of Streptococcus mutans count around polycarbonate bracket at different time intervals. Conclusion: This shows polycarbonate bracket has statistically significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans with herbal toothpaste.

Background: To ascertain if fluoridated dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with Stainless steel brackets. Material and method: patient had tooth No"s 12 included in the study with Stainless steel bracket bonded. Dentifrices tested were Fluoride based. Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. Result: Paired T test compared the means of Streptococcus mutans count around Stainless steel bracket at different time intervals. Conclusion: This shows Stainless steel bracket has statistically significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans with Fluoride toothpaste.

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) occur below the level of the larynx, i.e. in the trachea, the bronchi, or in the lung tissue. They include conditions such as tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, tuberculosis, pneumonia (World Health Organisation, 2003). It usually occurs when infecting organisms reach the airway of

BACKGROUND Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in the world including India. Majority of malarial cases are found in countries where cost-effectiveness, diagnostic test performance ease, and trained personnel, are the most important considerations. We wanted to compare the two methods of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria parasite infection. METHODS We studied 2,723 blood samples of patients who presented with signs and symptoms of malaria from out patient department (OPD) and various wards of Pacific Institute of Medical Science, Udaipur, Rajasthan, from Oct 2018 to Oct 2019. All samples obtained were first tested by RDTs and then the same samples were used to make peripheral blood film (PBF) for microscopy. RESULTS During the 1-year period, rapid card test method showed 178 positives for malarial parasite. Of these, 64 cases were positive for P. vivax and 108 cases for P. falciparum. Peripheral blood smear method showed 160 cases positive for malarial parasite. Of these, 55 cases were positive for P. vivax and 99 cases for P. falciparum and 6 cases of co-infection. PBF failed to detect 9 cases of P. vivax and 9 cases of P. falciparum which were positive by rapid card test. So, 18 cases reported PBF negative. Among these patients, there were 83 females and 95 males. Most affected age group was 16 – 30 years followed by 31 – 45 years. Maximum samples were from the month of October 19 with a positivity rate 35.4 %. CONCLUSIONS RDTs based on malaria antigen (whole blood) method is as specific and more sensitive than microscopy (which is being considered as the gold standard method). Peripheral blood smear method still remains superior for accurate species differentiation, quantitation of parasite and maintaining a permanent record. KEYWORDS Microscopy, Malaria, Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Background: This analysis is a radiographic instrument that was developed directly from the philosophy expressed in Arnett and Bergman "Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, Parts I and II". The novelty of this approach, as with the "Facial Keys" articles, is an emphasis on soft tissue facial measurement. This article describes comparison of various soft tissue structure traits between Himachali and Caucasian female population that contribute to an aesthetically pleasing face which should be considered during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to highlightthe differences in soft tissue structure norms between Himachali and Caucasian population. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 50Himachali femalesof age group 18-25 years were taken in Department of Orthodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib and tracing of soft tissue profile as well as related osseous and dental structures were made using Nemoceph software. Then Arnett"s soft tissue structure traits were compared with Himachali traits. Results: The length of upper lip, lower lip, pog-pog" and menton are less in Himachali female population as compared to Caucasian population. Conclusion: All patients cannot be treated to one set of norms as the facial skeleton and its overlying soft tissue is different for different population in females.

Background: This analysis is a radiographic instrument that was developed directly from the philosophy expressed in Arnett and Bergman "Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, Parts I and II". The novelty of this approach, as with the "Facial Keys" articles, is an emphasis on soft tissue facial measurement. This article describes comparison of various soft tissue traits between Himachali and Caucasian female population that contribute to an aesthetically pleasing face which should be considered during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to highlightthe differences in TVL projections norms between Himachali and Caucasian population. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 50Himachali femalesof age group 18-25 years were taken in Department of Orthodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib and tracing of soft tissue profile as well as related osseous and dental structures were made using Nemoceph software. Then Arnett"sTrue vertical projection norms were compared with Himachali traits. Results: The values of the projections to TVL are less in Himachali female population as compared to Caucasian population. Conclusion: The soft tissue is more pronounced in Caucasian females as compared to Himachali females when taken in reference to TVL line.