The study also reflects that the extra pulmonary forms of tuberculosis seems to be more common in the pediatric population which constituted 79.8% of the cases included in the study.

This retrospective analysis documents the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in finding the etiology of 56 cases of unresolved atelectasis in infancy, over a two year period (June 2005 to May 2007). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy identified the etiology leading to a revised diagnosis and change in management strategy in 38 (67.8%) cases, which included congenital airway anomalies (46.4%), inflammatory changes (10.7%), mucus plugs (28.5%), hypoplasia (4%), endobronchial granulation tissue (3.5%) and foreign body (3.5%). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy plays an important role in diagnostic work up of infants with unresolved atelectasis.

Infants with moderate and severe laryngomalacia should be evaluated with flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy to rule out associated lower airway lesions.

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