Purpose: To compare the long-term follow-up results of the bare sclera technique (BST), limbal-conjunctival autograft technique (LCAT) and amniotic membrane graft technique (AMGT) in primary pterygium excisions. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 eyes of 48 patients who underwent pterygium surgery using BST (group 1), 63 eyes of 63 patients who underwent pterygium surgery using LCAT (group 2) and 52 eyes of 52 patients who underwent pterygium surgery using AMGT (group 3) were compared with respect to corneal epithelialization, recurrence and complication of the procedures. The mean ages of the groups were 47.88 ± 14.21 years in group 1, 49.63 ± 14.42 years in group 2 and 47.92 ± 15.52 years in group 3. Patients were followed up to 72.39 ± 11.03 months in group 1, 69.91 ± 12.41 months in group 2 and 61.43 ± 9.83 months in group 3. Results: Postoperative corneal epithelialization was completed in 5.62 ± 1.74 days in group 1, 4.33 ± 0.91 days in group 2 and 4.79 ± 1.39 days in group 3. Corneal epithelialization time was earlier in group 2 than in groups 1 (p < 0.01) and 3 (p < 0.05). Recurrences were detected in 19 eyes (39.58%) in group 1, 11 eyes (14.29%) in group 2 and 12 eyes (23.08%) in group 3. The recurrence rate was significantly lower in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). Postoperative complications were not seen in any of the groups. Graft retraction and necrosis were not detected in the LCAT and AMGT groups during the follow-up period. Conclusions: LCAT was found to be a more effective procedure than BST and AMGT, with decreased recurrence rates after pterygium excision. Limbal-conjunctival autograft seems to be a useful treatment in pterygium surgery due to higher success rates and lower recurrence rates. Amniotic membrane grafts may be an alternative surgical technique for pterygium treatment for patients with or without glaucoma who might need glaucoma surgery in the future.

According to the authors' short-term results, three monthly IVB injections can be used for chronic DME regardless of VA, CMT, or FAZ dimensions, despite the FAZ enlargement encountered, especially in cases with milder DR.

During ROP screening, there were 42 of 96 (43.8%) infants with no ROP. A total of 54/96 (56.2%) infants were noted to have ROP. Among all infants, 7 (7.3%) had threshold ROP. Two infants with threshold disease were born at the 32nd, 2 at the 33rd, and 3 at the 34th week of gestation. The mean birthweight was 1857.9 (range 1060-3200) grams. CONCLUSIONS. In our study, it was found that more mature infants may also develop threshold ROP and require early treatment. After more information is gained and widespread screening, screening protocols covering more mature infants can be designed especially for developing countries.

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The purpose of the study was to present spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in premature infants with or without mild-to-severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Seventy-two infants born <37 weeks of gestation were analyzed, prospectively. Group 1 (n = 18) included infants without ROP. Infants with stage 1, 2, or 3 ROP without indication for treatment formed the second group (n = 15). Group 3 (n = 21) included threshold cases, who would receive laser photocoagulation (LPC) after OCT examinations. Group 4 (n = 18) had already received LPC. The mean central foveal thickness (CFT) (μm) in right eyes was 194.27 ± 19.93, 207.67 ± 25.44, 224.29 ± 21.42, and 222.00 ± 37.80, for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p = 0.01). The presence of a well-formed foveal pit was documented in 60 % of right and 67 % of left eyes in group 1, while a well-formed foveal pit was observed in 14 % of right and 16 % of left eyes in group 3 (p < 0.05). Cystoid macular edema (CME) was shown in 29 % of right and 21 % of left eyes in group 3 (p < 0.05 for right eyes). CME was observed in two of right and left eyes in group 4. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) was shown in one right eye in group 3, two right and four left eyes in group 4 (p < 0.05 for left eyes). Thicker CFT, CME, and failure of a well-formed foveal pit could be related to the severity of ROP. The development of ERM could be the consequence of LPC.

The high levels of TIMP in diabetic patients might have a role on steroid-induced IOP rise. The key pathogenetic events that up-regulate TIMP levels should be investigated in steroid IOP rise in diabetics.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the efficiency of autografting of marginal conjunctiva (autograft of marginal conjunctiva technique, AMCT) and the bare sclera technique (BST) in pterygium excision. Materials and Methods: In this study, 51 eyes of 51 patients who underwent pterygium surgery using the AMCT (group 1) were compared to 45 eyes of 45 patients who underwent pterygium excision using the BST (group 2), with regard to epithelialisation, recurrence and complication of the procedures. Patients were followed up for 15.37 ± 12.01 months in group 1 and for 18.57 ± 10.42 months in group 2. Results: Postoperative epithelialisation was completed in 4.34 ± 1.27 days in group 1 and in 5.61 ± 1.71 days in group 2. Epithelialisation was completed earlier in group 1 than group 2 (p < 0.05). Recurrences were detected in 7 eyes (13.73%) of group 1 and in 17 eyes (37.78%) of group 2. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). No postoperative complications were seen in either of the groups. Conclusions: The AMCT was found to be a more efficient procedure than the BST. Autografting of marginal conjunctiva may be a useful alternative treatment in pterygium surgery due to higher success and lower recurrence rates.