Inpresent study, we explored the nephroprotective potential of Delphinium denudatum derived silver nanoparticles (DdrAgNPs). Characterisation of DdrAgNPs were carried out using UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive x-rays (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biosynthesised DdrAgNPs displayed maximum absorbance at 415 nm, were polyspread in nature, sphere-shaped, and had a particle size ranging from 10 to 63 nm and the average diameter was ∼28.2 nm. Because nephroprotection could not be obtained solely through one mechanism, a considerable relationship of DdrAgNPs has been established between antioxidant potential and polyhydroxy herbal contents, suggesting that these blends may be complementary drug candidates to patients on gentamicin (GM) therapy. Biological performance of DdrAgNPs was assessed by estimating the level of renal biomarkers (blood urea, uric acid, creatinine) via antioxidants potential (GSH, CATALASE, SOD and TBARS) in experimental rats against gentamicin and corroborated with histopathological examination of renal tissue. In all, the proposed results indicate that DdrAgNPs are a potent nephroprotective agent, which can be utilised as a therapeutic adjunct to prevent gentamicin-nephrotoxicity. It is first time nephroprotection of silver nanoparticles has been reported using Delphinium denudatum as a plant extract.
Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are commonly used to prevent fatigue, enhance physical, and cognitive performance. Its administration induces toxic effects in body. Omega-3 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that helps in proper functioning of immune system. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological effects of fish oil omega 3 fatty acids (Eicosapentaenoic acid / Docosahexaenoic acid) on energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity in adult female albino rats. Methods: The study was conducted at animal house, Anatomy department, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from January to march 2019. ARRIVE guidelines were followed for conduct of animal study. Ethical approval was obtained from PGMI, Lahore and Advanced Studies and Research Board of University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The study comprised 36 adult female albino rats divided into 3 groups i.e., control, energy drink and omega 3 treated. Rats were sacrificed, ovaries extracted, and sections were stained with H&E and PAS. SPSS version 21.0 were used. Results: Statistically significant difference was present in gross parameters between the control and experimental groups. Energy drink administration caused a decrease in diameter of mature graafian follicle and diameter of the oocyte. Disruption in basement membrane was more pronounced in Energy drink treated group. Conclusion: Energy drinks were found to cause cytotoxic effects on ovarian and oocyte morphology, ultimately leading to infertility. Omega 3 reduces the extent of damage caused by the intake of energy drinks.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of the mosquito coil smoke (MCS) inhalation on histology of proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney in Wistar Albino rats. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of PGMI, Lahore. 24 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each containing eight animals. Group A was control; Group B and C were experimental groups and were exposed to mosquito coil smoke inhalation for 8 hours/day for two and four weeks respectively. Kidney tissue of albino rats was dissected, examined and analyzed histologically. Results: The results of MCS inhalation in histological sections of group B and C showed marked cellular necrosis and vacuolization in PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) of the kidney as compared to the group A. protein cast was absent in PCT of all groups. DCT (distal convoluted tubules) in group B and C showed marked necrosis, vacuolization and protein cast. Necrosis was more marked in group C treated with mosquito coil smoke for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The results indicate that pyrethroids in mosquito coil smoke though considered least toxic pesticides, are very harmful. Exposure of pyrethroids can induce adverse changes in tubules of kidney. Key Words: MCS Mosquito Coil Smoke, Pyrethroids, PCT Proximal convoluted tubules, DCT Distal convoluted tubules. How to Cite: Siddique N, Ahmed M, Ilyas M, Jabeen R, Jawad A.H, Iqbal Z. histological changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of kidney of albino rats after exposure to mosquito coil smoke inhalation. Esculapio.2020;16(04):87-91.
Background: This study's goals were to assess the cervical central lymph node status and predictive value of SLN biopsy during operate and to identify clinic pathological factors, that were used to be independent predictors for analyzed central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sahara Medical College, Narowal for the duration of six months, from July 2022 to December 2022. Methods: The total N=300 people participated in this study. The participants were split into two groups: positive for cervical central lymph nodes CCLN (n = 210) and negative for cervical central lymph nodes CCLN (n = 90). In cases with positive SLNB, the positive sentinel lymph node ratio and additional positive lymph node (APLN) were examined. Investigators looked into SLNB's effectiveness. Results: The age range was 24-40 years in which cervical central lymph node case was (57%); p=0.002**. The maximum diameter of tumor (98%) was 3-4 cm show significantly P<0.05. The multiple focus included unilateral (18.3%) and bilateral region (82%) show significant changes P<0.05. According to the tumor locations, the positive case of central lymph node were as following; lower area (20%), middle area (53.3%) and upper area (27%) the difference were significant (p<0.05). The metastatic rate of lymph node was related to SLN (67%) and CCLNM (46%). APLN positive show additional lymph node on cancerous participants. The evaluation of CNM and APLN using the sensitivity, specificity, false positive rates, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SLNB. Conclusion: In participants with positive case reports, age, sex, tumour size, location, extra thyroidal invasion, and capsule involvement were independent risk factors for CLN metastasis. If a positive SLN could be used to predict the presence of APLN, a theoretical basis for intraoperative lymph node dissection might be offered. Keyword: Metastasis, Tumor size, Multifocality,
Aim: To observe energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity and possible protective effects of co-administration of omega 3 fatty acids. Methods: The experimental study comprised of 36 adult female albino rats was conducted at anatomy department, PGMI, Lahore. Animals were divided into 3 groups. Group A was control. Groups B received energy drink. Group C received omega 3 along with energy drinks once daily orally for 30 consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia on 30th day. Ovaries were extracted and sections were stained with H&E stains. Results were analyzed using SPSS. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Animals administered with energy drink showed marked pyknosis of graafian follicular cells and oocyte nuclei when compared with control and energy dink plus omega 3 treated animals. Vacuolization of the follicular cells was also more pronounced in energy drinks treated group (p <0.001). Ovarian stroma of energy drink treated group showed marked vascular congestion and tissue infiltration as compared to the omega 3 plus energy drink treated groups.. Conclusion: Oxidative stress induced by the energy drinks is the basic cause behind the toxic change seen in ovarian histo-architecture. Omega-3 significantly decreased these detrimental effects of energy drink due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. This study can be a pioneer in guiding the population about the harmful effects of energy drinks on ovarian morphology, leading to cytotoxicity of oocyte and ultimately leading to infertility. Keywords: Energy drinks; Omega-3; Cytotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Carbonated Beverages; Infertility; Caffeine
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