No abstract

The effect of 2-chloroethanol on the activities of hepatic microsomal enzymes in the rat has been studied. A significant reduction in activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes (aminopyrine N-demethylase, coumarin 3-hydroxylase) and a marked decrease of glucose 6-phosphatase were seen in both sexes given dose levels of 20 mg/kg sc daily for 7 days. Inosine diphosphatase activity remained unaltered. In male rats given 3 or 10 mg/kg, a trend in the inhibition of drug metabolism was found. A single dose of 50 mg/kg caused no apparent change in the activities of the enzymes measured.

Background: The use of mosquito coils has increased exponentially, especially in the under developed countries. Many researches have been conducted over the past few years to advocate both the possible risks and potential benefits. These coils and the inhalation of their smoke have been proved to cause upper and lower airway tract infections. But still the possible side effects of inhalation of these coil smoke on other organ systems of the body were unclear. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups each containing eight rats. Group A was control group while group B was allowed to inhale mosquito coil smoke for four week. The experimental group was exposed to MCS for 8 hours / day. Histopathological analysis of testis was carried out. Results: Histopathological studies of rats exposed to MCS revealed changes in parenchyma of testis. Decrease in the height of germinal epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubules and increase in and vascular congestion was observed. Conclusion: The results of present study suggest that allethrin based mosquito coil smoke has harmful effects on testis

Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are commonly used to prevent fatigue, enhance physical, and cognitive performance. Its administration induces toxic effects in body. Omega-3 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that helps in proper functioning of immune system. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological effects of fish oil omega 3 fatty acids (Eicosapentaenoic acid / Docosahexaenoic acid) on energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity in adult female albino rats. Methods: The study was conducted at animal house, Anatomy department, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from January to march 2019. ARRIVE guidelines were followed for conduct of animal study. Ethical approval was obtained from PGMI, Lahore and Advanced Studies and Research Board of University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The study comprised 36 adult female albino rats divided into 3 groups i.e., control, energy drink and omega 3 treated. Rats were sacrificed, ovaries extracted, and sections were stained with H&E and PAS. SPSS version 21.0 were used. Results: Statistically significant difference was present in gross parameters between the control and experimental groups. Energy drink administration caused a decrease in diameter of mature graafian follicle and diameter of the oocyte. Disruption in basement membrane was more pronounced in Energy drink treated group. Conclusion: Energy drinks were found to cause cytotoxic effects on ovarian and oocyte morphology, ultimately leading to infertility. Omega 3 reduces the extent of damage caused by the intake of energy drinks.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the mosquito coil smoke (MCS) inhalation on histology of proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney in Wistar Albino rats. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of PGMI, Lahore. 24 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each containing eight animals. Group A was control; Group B and C were experimental groups and were exposed to mosquito coil smoke inhalation for 8 hours/day for two and four weeks respectively. Kidney tissue of albino rats was dissected, examined and analyzed histologically. Results: The results of MCS inhalation in histological sections of group B and C showed marked cellular necrosis and vacuolization in PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) of the kidney as compared to the group A. protein cast was absent in PCT of all groups. DCT (distal convoluted tubules) in group B and C showed marked necrosis, vacuolization and protein cast. Necrosis was more marked in group C treated with mosquito coil smoke for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The results indicate that pyrethroids in mosquito coil smoke though considered least toxic pesticides, are very harmful. Exposure of pyrethroids can induce adverse changes in tubules of kidney. Key Words: MCS Mosquito Coil Smoke, Pyrethroids, PCT Proximal convoluted tubules, DCT Distal convoluted tubules. How to Cite: Siddique N, Ahmed M, Ilyas M, Jabeen R, Jawad A.H, Iqbal Z. histological changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of kidney of albino rats after exposure to mosquito coil smoke inhalation. Esculapio.2020;16(04):87-91.

Effects of whole-ground flax seeds versus flax oil for pesticide residues-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Khyber

Aim: To observe energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity and possible protective effects of co-administration of omega 3 fatty acids. Methods: The experimental study comprised of 36 adult female albino rats was conducted at anatomy department, PGMI, Lahore. Animals were divided into 3 groups. Group A was control. Groups B received energy drink. Group C received omega 3 along with energy drinks once daily orally for 30 consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia on 30th day. Ovaries were extracted and sections were stained with H&E stains. Results were analyzed using SPSS. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Animals administered with energy drink showed marked pyknosis of graafian follicular cells and oocyte nuclei when compared with control and energy dink plus omega 3 treated animals. Vacuolization of the follicular cells was also more pronounced in energy drinks treated group (p <0.001). Ovarian stroma of energy drink treated group showed marked vascular congestion and tissue infiltration as compared to the omega 3 plus energy drink treated groups.. Conclusion: Oxidative stress induced by the energy drinks is the basic cause behind the toxic change seen in ovarian histo-architecture. Omega-3 significantly decreased these detrimental effects of energy drink due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. This study can be a pioneer in guiding the population about the harmful effects of energy drinks on ovarian morphology, leading to cytotoxicity of oocyte and ultimately leading to infertility. Keywords: Energy drinks; Omega-3; Cytotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Carbonated Beverages; Infertility; Caffeine

Objective: To compare the expression of CD-10 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2016 to Jun 2017. Methodology: After taking ethics approval from the ethical review committee AFIP, previously diagnosed, thirty-eight cases of each basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were taken from the histopathology department of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. CD-10 was applied according to standard protocol. The intensity of the CD-10 expression is assessed and categorized into three groups. CD-10 expression less than 10% in the tumour cell was taken as negative (-), 10 to 50% staining was taken as positive (+) and greater than 50% staining in tumour cells was taken as strong positive (++). Results: Out of the total 76 cases included in the study, 9 (24%) were strongly positive (++) whereas 20 (52.6%) were positive (+) and 9 (23.7%) were negative (-) for CD-10 expression. Out of the total 38 cases of SCC 4 (11%) cases showed positive CD-10 expression and 34 (89%) showed negative (-) results. A significant association (p-value <0.001) was seen when CD-10 expression in BCC was compared with SCC. Conclusion: CD-10 expression was higher in basal cell carcinoma when compared to squamous cell carcinoma in which CD-10 expression was very low/absent, hence CD-10 can serve as a useful adjunct marker in differentiating between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in problematic cases.