Objective: To determine the frequency and association of coping strategies with different levels of anxiety and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in private hospitals of Karachi, from January to May 2017. Data was collected from pregnant women willing to participate in the study by using non-probability convenient sampling. A questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic and obstetric data after informed consent from pregnant women. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to identify different levels of anxiety and depression. Coping strategies were assessed by using brief inventory results which were assessed on SPSS 16. Results: Study group included 400 women between the ages of 18 to 38 years with a mean age of 27.08 ± 4.074. The adaptive strategies were used by 23.3% of the study group. Maladaptive strate- gies were adopted by 17.9% of women and 58.9% were using both adaptive and maladaptive strate- gies. There was a significant association of adaptive strategies and women appearing normal on HADS scale (p-value= 0.000, OR= .077) whereas there was negative association with maladaptive strategies and normal behaviour (p-value= 0.032, OR= 1.747). Women with borderline anxiety were using only combination of both types of strategies. Women using maladaptive strategies were having significant association with abnormal level of anxiety (p-value= 0.000, OR= 3.369) with borderline de- pression (p-value= 0.012, OR= .420) and abnormal depression (p-value= 0.000, OR= -6.657). Active coping (OR 5.952 and 6.679), instrumental (OR 4.138 and 6.679), planning (OR 10.300 and 6.646),) and positive reframing (OR 1.735 and 3.765) were protective for abnormal anxiety and abnormal de- pression. Religious practices were protective for abnormal anxiety only (OR= 4.289). Conclusion: Adaptive strategies are associated with normal mental status and are protective for anxiety and depression whereas maladaptive strategies are the risk factors for anxiety and depression. Pregnant women should be encouraged to adopt adaptive strategies to reduce the adverse outcome associated with anxiety and depression.
.. Introduction: Fibroids are the commonest benign tumors and it is estimated thatthey occur in 20-40% of women during their reproductive years. Reported risk factors consistentwith the hormonal hypothesis include premenopausal status, younger at menarche, and obesity.Reported protective factors include parity and oral contraceptive use. This study was designed togive us the burden of fibroid and factors leading to fibroid. Objectives: To determine thefrequency and factors leading to fibroid in women presenting with menorrhagia in outpatientdepartment of gynae unit-I Civil Hospital Karachi. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting:Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology- I, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Duration of study: Sixmonths from 12thMarch, 2011 to 11th September, 2011. Subjects and methods: A total of 121patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in study. History was taken regardingduration and severity of menorrhagia and the factors leading to fibroid including age, parity,obesity and family history, women with a weight of 50kg or more were taken as obese. If findingsconsistent with fibroid as per operational definition were found on ultrasound then it was termedas -----fibroid +ve. Results: Mean (±SD) age was 27.9 (±5.3) years. Frequency of fibroid wasfound in 68 (56.2%) patients with menorrhagia. Family history fibroid was found in 51 (42.1%)women out of which fibroid was found positive in 30 (58.8%) women, that was the most commonfactor leading to fibroid in this study, followed by obesity 28 (35.4%) and nulliparous 10 (25.6%).Conclusions: Frequency of fibroid was found in 56.2% patients with menorrhagia. Family historyof fibroid was most common risk factor leading to fibroid found in 58.8% women.
Objective: To determine efficacy of fosfomycin in urinary tract infections occurring during pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive study. Study Settings: Obstetrics & Gynecology Ward Dow University OJHA Campus, Karachi. Duration of Study: 11-08-2021 till 12-02-2022 Subject and Methods: Total 147 pregnant women presented with urinary tract infections were enrolled. Detailed demographics were recorded after taking informed written consent. Participants were given fosfomycin sachet 3gm stat dose after confirmation of UTI symptoms and they were followed for about 13 days and advised to proceed for Urine C/S. Participants were assessed on the basis of persistent symptoms of UTI and identification of bacteria in urine C/S. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.41±4.71 years. Mean BMI recorded was 28.65±3.21 kg/m2. According to the efficacy of drug (fosfomycin ), UTI was cured in 89 (60.5%) patients. Conlcusion: The efficacy of fosfomycin in urinary tract infections occurring during pregnancy in our study was 60.5%. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Efficacy, Fosfomycin
Aim: To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes in obstetric patients with the help of ultrasonography and diagnostic biomarkers such as increased amniotic fluid and macrosomia. Methods: In 110 women who failed the glucose tolerance test, longitudinal ultrasound measurements of foetal growth were taken during the first, second and third trimesters with the informed consent of every pregnant women. 524 ultrasound examinations were performed in total, and uncomplicated pregnancies were included as controls for the comparison of our results. Head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and head circumference to abdominal circumference ratio (HC/AC) was evaluated at 17th and 37th weeks of gestation while amniotic fluid was measured and recorded at 13th, 27th and 37th weeks of gestation respectively. Results: The mean HbA1c (%) of the pregnant women in 1st semester recorded was 5.2±0.27SD which increased to 5.31±0.24SD in 2nd trimester and later changed to 5.54±0.17SD in 3rd semester. The measured amniotic fluid in ultrasound was 23.23cm±3.18 SD at 13th weeks of gestation, 15.97cm±2.62SD at 27th weeks and 11.95cm±1.99SD at 37th week. The mean abdominal circumference at 37th week was 347.01mm±7.28SD, mean head circumference was 1477.50mm±2.88SD, AC/HC ratio at 37th week estimated 0.89±0.08SD and femur length was 73.44mm±2.28SD respectively. Conclusion: The finding suggests that increased amniotic fluid and macrosomia are important biomarkers of gestational diabetes and can be assessed through ultrasonography. Keywords: Gestational diabetes, ultrasonograpy, increased antibiotic, macrosomia
Introduction: Abruption placenta is a serious condition in which a normally sited placenta detaches its attachment from the uterine wall, after 20 weeks of gestation and before the delivery. Abruptio placentae is associated with various complications. In this study, we will focus on frequency of preterm birth in patients with abruptio placentae. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit – I, Civil Hospital Karachi and Dow University of Health Sciences from January 2021 to December 2021. Three hundred and eighty four (384) patients with confirmed diagnosis of abruptio placentae were followed till delivery of their babies. Results: 154 (40.1%) participants had preterm delivery. Preterm delivery was significantly higher in participants with parity more than 3 (p value < 0.0001). There was no difference in frequency of preterm based on age and status Conclusion: Preterm deliveries are very prevalent in pregnant women presenting with abruptio placentae. Booked participants who are at risk of abruptio placentae should be monitored more closely and they should be made aware of the possible complication of preterm delivery associated with abruptio placentae. Keywords: Abruptio placentae, preterm delivery, premature delivery, tertiary care, Pakistan
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