This paper reports the development of a specialized teleguidance-based navigation assistance system for the blind and the visually impaired. We present findings from a usability and user experience study conducted with 11 blind and visually impaired participants and a sighted caretaker. Participants sent live video feed of their field of view to the remote caretaker’s terminal from a smartphone camera attached to their chest. The caretaker used this video feed to guide them through indoor and outdoor navigation scenarios using a combination of haptic and voice-based communication. Haptic feedback was provided through vibrating actuators installed in the grip of a Smart Cane. Two haptic methods for directional guidance were tested: (1) two vibrating actuators to guide left and right movement and (2) a single vibrating actuator with differentiating vibration patterns for the same purpose. Users feedback was collected using a meCUE 2.0 standardized questionnaire, interviews, and group discussions. Participants’ perceptions toward the proposed navigation assistance system were positive. Blind participants preferred vibrational guidance with two actuators, while partially blind participants preferred the single actuator method. Familiarity with cane use and age were important factors in the choice of haptic methods by both blind and partially blind users. It was found that smartphone camera provided sufficient field of view for remote assistance; position and angle are nonetheless important considerations. Ultimately, more research is needed to confirm our preliminary findings. We also present an expanded evaluation model developed to carry out further research on assistive systems.

Aim: The current study determines the individual characteristics and innovation performance in Pakistani SMEs and moderating role of physiological capital. The present study employed organizational behavior theory and Social exchange theory. Methodology: 310 managers from Pakistani SMEs completed an online questionnaire to examine the results. According to the findings of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), affective commitment influences readiness for change in a positive way. Findings: The results also showed the association between affective commitment, creativity, and trust on impact of readiness for change and the moderating role of psychological capital among Pakistani SMEs. Implications/Novel Contribution: The study's employment of organizational behavior theory and Social exchange theory is another main contribution. To retain workers, managers must implement procedures that foster employee identity, trust, and organizational respect. Furthermore, the present study contributes to the knowledge already available on the innovation simulation platform for Pakistan's SME sector.

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Introduction After the age of 65 years, 17% of patients are obese and 4to10% are undernourished. The number of elderly patients in both obese and undernourished is little known in the general population but also in diabetic patients. Objective This study was to assess the prevalence of under nutrition and describe the factors that influence nutritional status in obese elderly diabetic patients. Patients and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study between September 2016 and February 2018, including 120 type 2 diabetic obese, aged 65 and over, collected in our unit. Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment and by serum albumin assay. Statistical analysis was performed by epi Info 0.6. Software. Results The average age of patients was 71 years, 66% were female. The mean BMI was 33.4 kg / m2, 61% had at least a degenerative complications. Dyslipidemia was present in 51.6% of patients and hypertension in 58.3%. Malnutrition was found in 10.8% of patients and 28.3% were at risk of malnutrition. We found a significant correlation (p <0.05) between undernutrition and poly medication, the cholesterol-lowering and diabetic diet, dyslipidemia, nephropathy and the presence of chewing or swallowing disorders. Conclusion Under nutrition of the obese subject is an unknown clinical entity whose prevalence will increase significantly, specific studies about undernutrition among obese elderly patients become necessary especially diabetics.

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