The informal economy in Pakistan is a part that has been mostly overlooked by researchers, although it is important part of everyday life in provinces like Sindh, Pakistan. This paper seeks to examine how the street entrepreneurs contribute to the economy of country and what type of challenges they face during street vending. By reviewing the extant literature, it appears that there is an acute shortage of empirical evidence on street hawkers in Pakistan, especially in Sindh province. This paper begins to fill this gap by analyzing hawkers' contributions, and the problems they are facing. The qualitative method was followed in this research, study seeks to determine the contribution of street hawkers as well as the issues that street vendors face during vending or conduct their business. There are many hawkers in the heart province of Sindh, hence the researchers used a convenient sampling method to select 30 respondents for the interview, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze data. The study's findings may have a positive impact on street vendors, and the challenges associated with street vending may be reduced.
Street hawkers have been part of urban street life in cities of developed and developing countries. The study focuses on the socio-economic conditions of street vendors in Hyderabad, Sindh province, Pakistan. A review of the existing literature shows an acute shortage of empirical evidence on street hawkers in Pakistan, especially in Hyderabad, Sindh. This study aims to bridge this gap by contributing empirical evidence on the subject. For this study, a survey has been conducted to identify the socio-economic condition of the street vendors, their reasons for joining street vending, and problems faced by the street hawkers during street vending. This survey covered 120 street vendors in Hyderabad. The data has been collected from both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data has been collected from research articles published in journals, and books, newspapers, and research reports published by various organizations. The findings of the study show that the street hawkers significantly contributed to the socio-economic uplift of the masses at a larger level. The street hawkers have very little capital to invest in their businesses.
Aim: This research aims to bring to light the negative effects of deceptive marketing on their consumers, especially on their loyalty and trust in the fashion industry of the UAE. The research objectives of this study are to analyze the effects of deceptive marketing and understand how consumer behavior is affected, especially consumer loyalty and trust. This project aims to analyze the evidence found in previous studies and connect their findings to the people of the UAE. Methodology: This research was conducted through a qualitative approach, focusing on opinionated responses and personal experiences. The interview was the selected method of collecting data from the respondents. Thematic analysis was applied to this research to better understand the responses and analyze any similarities between their answers. The respondents of this research are currently UAE residents and actively viewing advertisements from the fashion industry. Findings: Based on the information provided by 3 respondents, they clearly know how deceptive marketing can affect their consumer's behavior. However, 2 of the remaining respondents implied that they are completely unaware of deceptive marketing. They understand that consumers should be given truthful information about the products they purchase, especially when they use that information to make decisions. The UAE is generally safe due to its strict laws, such as its consumer protection law, that prioritizes consumer safety. However, companies are still capable of tampering with their advertisements and creating small changes that are unnoticeable but will have a big impact on consumers. Implications/Novel Contribution: These findings imply the need to spread consumers' awareness of the negative effects of deceptive marketing on their decisions. Consumers should never take any information at face value. Instead, they should research to verify the information they will utilize for decision-making. Further study should be developed on the role of deceptive marketing in the global fashion industry, including the company's service quality and brand image; this will provide the most in-depth study based on deceptive marketing.
This study investigates how waste collectors use their work as a resource for establishing self-employment and their role in the country's developing economy through waste reduction. They collect garbage to meet their basic needs but lack the self-care practices of the participants. It reflects on the workplace environment and attitudes toward health threats. They face many challenges of being perceived as second-class citizens, thus facing meagre social status. This descriptive study focused on qualitative research using observational techniques. The study also examines several aspects of formal and informal waste collection and recycling practices. Data were collected by using primary and secondary sources. Representatives of all scrap dealers and waste collectors in the target area were selected. The study found that Pakistan's recycling industry is completely unorganized, unregulated, and has little support due to a lack of funding and systematic planning. Formally registered institutions only manage about 50 percent of Pakistan's municipal waste. The other half is what informal entrepreneurs' livelihoods depend on. Some poor people have no alternative to collecting, sorting, and selling valuable items. Their work is invaluable in environmental terms but not financially rewarding. It is also hazardous.
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