Malaysia has pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 45% in year 2030 and to attain a completely carbon neutral status by year 2050. For those purposes, substantial measures and policies have been implemented geared towards green growth and sustainability, as stipulated in the 9 th , 10 th , and 11 th Malaysia Plans commencing from 2006 until 2020. Nevertheless, it is indeed a challenge in striking to achieve these targets due to reported increment in the total final energy consumption by 30% from 2010 until 2014. Demand for electricity in Malaysia has been expected to surge between 5% and 6% within these couple of years in line with nation urbanisation and economic progression. As such, a number of macroeconomic indicators that might have influenced Malaysia's electrical consumption had been analysed for the 1970-2016 period by estimating electricity consumption per capita demand function linked with economic growth, foreign direct investment inflows, trade liberalisation, population growth, urbanisation population growth, financial development, industrialisation, inflation, and household consumption expenditure. The analysis was conducted by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The estimation outcomes revealed the roles of economic progression and urbanization that led to increment in electrical consumption, whereas financial deepening and higher inflation linked to reduction. Such results enlighten significant insights for policymakers. For instance, since electricity consumption rises with urbanisation, it is essential that energy-efficient appliances are made relatively affordable and readily available for urbanites. The central bank also should play its part by lowering the lending rates so as to allow the financial institutions across the nation to offer attractive loans with lower financing cost to firms associated to renewable energy. With more companies being involved in cleaner alternative energy production, the nation is deemed to minimise its carbon emissions by decreasing its dependence upon coal to generate electricity.

In the past decade, the fundamental problems associated with the real gross domestic product (GDP) in Jordan are apparent since the foreign aid is highly influenced by macroeconomic shocks that have severely affected the GDP through changes in macroeconomic factors. However, this relationship has not been adequately addressed. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of foreign direct investment and aids and trade openness on economic growth in Jordan by employing time series data from 1970 to 2017. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Bayer-Hanck Cointegration was employed to examine the relationship between the variables empirically. The findings revealed the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Foreign direct investment (FDI), aids, trade openness and structural breaks are positive and significantly influencing the economic growth in both short run and long run. The results recommended that higher foreign investment may increase the ability of aids to increase the economic growth. Therefore, policy makers should balance between investment friendly policies such as foreign direct investment that will be attracted into the country for sustainable economic growth.

This paper estimates the economic valuation, discusses preferences for electronic waste (e-waste) recycling, and identifies the most preferred attributes in e-waste recycling. Stratified random sampling from the households in Putrajaya, Malaysia was utilised to obtain the primary data. It provides the readers with an intrinsic satisfaction when choosing a modelling analysis on the valuation of non-market goods using conditional logit simple model. The findings indicate that the option attributes were highly significant and there was no inherent bias towards either the change or no-change option held by the respondents.

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The significant role of energy efficiency labelling should not be ignored as it provides various information that serve as a guideline when people make purchasing decision. It indicates projection energy consumption of an electrical equipment according to energy efficiency rating system. This study applied choice experiment (CE) method in which the conditional logit (CL) model was valued to determine students' willingness to pay (WTP) based on their preferences of the energy label attributes of table fans. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 151 on-campus students in Terengganu, Malaysia. The attributes were speed of fan, energy consumption and energy star and price of fan. The study found that the students mostly preferred energy consumption attribute with WTP estimation of RM123.538 (USD29.66) at level two and RM42.88 (USD10.30) at level three. These findings illustrate how people place value on monetary and non-monetary attributes based on their preferences. A label with energy-efficient standard makes it easier for utility companies and government energy-conservation organizations to offer consumers incentives to purchase energy-efficient products. The usefulness of energy efficiency label is very reliant in terms of how it portrays information to the people and promote energy conservation.