The Brazilian flora has a large number of species with ornamental potential. These species are poorly recognized or even completely unexplored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of four accessions belonging to the species of Anthurium plowmanii, A. raimundii, A. bonplandii and A. Affine for cutting foliage. The accessions from Embrapa Germplasm Bank of Tropical flowers were evaluated for 21 morphological and phenological characteristics and post-harvest longevity. The ornamental characterization was based on the evaluation of this data and florist acceptance as well. The accessions presented differences in almost all the characteristics related to the morphology of the inflorescence and the leaf. Some characteristics such: fruit color, petiole, spadix, and spathe length, are highly variable within the species and depend on the developmental stage. Some characters like petiole length and inflorescence position are particularly important as indicators for the use as cut foliage. The plants have slow development as typical from members of this family and and the production of leaves per year ranged between 6.6 (A. plowmanii) to 10.5 (A. bonplandii), which might be increased with the improvement of cultivation aspects, with an emphasis on spacing, plant management and fertilization. The leaves of Anthurium plowmanii, A. raimundii, A. bonplandii and A. affine present high postharvest durability and great potential as cut foliage, possessing florist acceptance as well. Keywords: cut foliage, germplasm bank, floral arrangement, and postharvest durability. RESUMO Avaliação do Potencial de uso de espécies nativas de Anthurium para folhagemA flora brasileira tem um grande número de espécies com potencial ornamental, muitas dessas são pouco reconhecidas ou inexploradas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso potencial de quatro acessos pertencentes às espécies de Anthurium plowmanii, A. raimundii, A. bonplandii e A. Affine para produção de folhagem de corte. Os acessos pertencentes ao Banco de Germoplasma de flores tropicais da Embrapa foram avaliados quanto a 21 características morfológicos e fenológicos, bem como a longevidade pós-colheita e potencial ornamental, baseado na aceitação de floristas. Os acessos apresentaram diferenças significativas em quase todas as características relacionadas com a morfologia da inflorescência e da folha. Algumas características tais: cor de fruta, pecíolo, espádice e comprimento espata, são altamente variáveis entre e dentro dos acessos e dependem do estágio de desenvolvimento. As caracteristicas comprimento do pecíolo e longevidade pós-colheita são particularmente importantes como indicadores para a utilização como folhagem de corte. As plantas têm desenvolvimento lento como típico de membros desta família, e a produção de folhas medio por ano variou entre 6,6 (A. plomanii) a 10,5 (A. bonplandii), o que talvez possa ser incrementado com o aprimoramento dos aspectos de cultivo, com ênfase no espaçamento, manejo da planta e adubação. As folhas de ...
Brazil confronts a challenge to implement the Forest Code, now called Native Vegetation Protection Law (LPVN), issued in 2012 under the number 12.651/12. The law introduced new mechanisms to quantified environmental liabilities in Permanent Protection Areas (APP) and Legal Reserve Areas (RL). Thus, this study presents a methodological proposal for calculation of environmental liabilities in areas of "water" permanent preservation and legal reserve using geoprocessing tools. This way, a complex analysis was required, based on the size of the private rural properties, the type of land use/cover, and “temporal cut”, for which there is no methodology defined. The “temporal cut” was defined to fine cancel those who practiced illegal deforestation prior to 22 July 2008, thus creating the figure of the "Consolidated Productive Areas”. This methodology was tested and applied in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu-PA and the results pointed to a total environmental liability of the municipality of 178,835 hectares by 2010. According to requirements established in article 61-A, the settlements were considered rural properties with consolidated productive areas, and thus benefited by law. Despite this, it is important to improve environmental education techniques and the recovering of environmental liabilities of settlements, mainly for sustainable production purposes.
<p>Intermittent and ephemeral rivers are characterized by periods of drying and rewetting which occur along different reaches of the channel. Where the channel dries or develops into ponds related to factors such as discharge, topography, geology and riparian vegetation. The aim of this work is to evaluate the spatial patterns and dynamics of intermittency in reaches of a Brazilian semiarid river. Using repeated surveys with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), we characterize its connectivity by identifying locations with different water condition. The Umbuzeiro River (approximately 80 km long; 6.65&#176;S, 40.41&#176;W) is the main river in the Bengu&#234; catchment (~1000 km&#178;) that is controlled by the Bengu&#234; reservoir, with a storage capacity of 18 hm&#179;. Umbuzeiro is an intermittent/ephemeral river and spatially coherent streamflow occurs mainly in the wettest months of the rain season. We conducted UAV surveys each month from March to June 2022, allowing us to produce detailed hydrological characterizations along different sections of the river. The imagery sets from different UAVs, i.e. DJI Phantom 4 pro and eBee SQ, provided relatable characteristics for a same reach. Visually analysing the reaches, their water condition was determined for smaller subsets, i.e. ponds or dry spots. Observing the temporal and spatial patterns of the presence of water on the riverbed in the different reaches for each survey, we conclude that the patterns are not only dependent on the contributing area of each section, but also on the river&#8217;s natural sinuosity, riffle-pool sequences and riparian vegetation. Our results highlight and provide an explanation for the hydrological diversity of semiarid rivers which is important to understand their ecological role and habitat.</p>
The objective of this study was to evaluate growth regulators with purpose of reducing the size of heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with five treatments (trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol at rates of 37.5 and 75.0 mg of active ingredient per pot and control without growth regulator) and five replicates. The treatments were applied 40 days after planting the rhizomes in pots filled with soil. Thirty and 150 days after the growth regulator application, plant height, number of leaves and shoots, petioles length and leaf area were evaluated. One year after planting the rhizomes in pots the number of inflorescence and leaves (leaves, sheathing leaf bases and inflorescences) and rhizomes (rhizomes and roots) dry mass were determined. Trinexapac-ethyl had no differences compared to the control in any of the variables evaluated. Paclobutrazol proved effective in reducing plant height, leaf area and petiole length and increase in number of leaves and shoots but the effect was temporary. Also, it did not affect the inflorescences production and leaves and rhizomes dry mass. Paclobutrazol is efficient to promote height reduction and to increase the number of shoots in heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants without affect the inflorescence formation but its effects is temporary.
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