A complete characterization of yacon syrup was performed by analytical techniques, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MS. The effect of the different stages of yacon syrup production on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents were also evaluated. As a result, in addition to higher levels of FOS and CGA, some mineral elements, such as K, Ca and P, and essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, valine, and threonine, were determined in yacon syrup. Twenty-five compounds were putatively identified, and the main compounds were phenolics derived from quinic and trans-cinnamic acids. Considering the different stages of yacon syrup production, the results indicate that the contents of FOS and CGA were maintained in the pulping, enzymatic maceration and microfiltration, leading to a concentration of these components in the last stage of processing (vacuum concentration). These results will be used to fortify this innovative and promising product in the area of functional foods.
summary the impact of agro-industrial organic wastes in the environment can be reduced when used in agriculture. from the standpoint of soil fertility, residue applications can increase the organic matter content and provide nutrients for plants. this study evaluated the effect of biological sludge from gelatin industry on the chemical properties of two ultisols (loamy sand and sandy clay) and an oxisol (clay). the experiment lasted 120 days and was carried out in laboratory in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement, combining the three soils and six biological sludge rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m 3 ha -1 ), with three replications. Biological sludge rates of up to 500 m 3 ha -1 decreased soil acidity and increased the effective cation exchange capacity (CeC) and n, Ca, mg, and P availability, without exceeding the tolerance limit for na. the increase in exchangeable base content, greater than the effective CeC, indicates that the major part of cations added by the sludge remains in solution and can be lost by leaching. index terms: waste, nutrients, soil ph, effective CeC.
resumo: ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DE SOLOS TRATADOS COM LODO BIOLÓGICO DE INDÚSTRIA DE GELATINA O impacto dos resíduos orgânicos agroindustriais no ambiente pode ser reduzido com o seu uso agrícola. Do ponto de vista da fertilidade do solo, o que se deseja com a aplicação(1) Part of the master's thesis of the first author presented at the uNesP -univ estadual Paulista. received for publication in January 20, 2010 and approved in december 7, 2011. (2)
The present study was conducted to 1) identify the natural source of feed contamination by zearalenone (ZEN), which was suspected to have caused persistently increased urinary ZEN concentrations in one of our experimental cattle herds, and 2) evaluate the effects of intervention against this source of contamination. As an experimental model, a fattening Japanese Black cattle herd showing persistently increased urinary ZEN concentrations was identified. Urinary ZEN concentrations of cows fed with new rice straw (experimental group, n = 6) vs. cows that continued to feed on the old rice straw (control group, n = 4) were measured at the start (d 1) and at 2 wk (d 14) after the onset of feeding with straw. In addition, the ZEN concentration in feed and water samples was measured by using both the ELISA and HPLC methods. Furthermore, isolation and identification of fungi from rice straw and concentrate feed samples were performed. The urinary ZEN concentration [ZEN (pg/mL)/creatinine (mg/mL) = pg/mg of creatinine] of cows fed with new rice straw was significantly (P < 0.05) less (843 pg/mg of creatinine) than that of cows fed with old rice straw (15,951 pg/mg of creatinine). On both d 1 and 14, the ZEN concentrations of old rice straw were greater than those of new rice straw. In addition, fungal colonies were observed in the culture media that was obtained from the old rice straw suspected of ZEN contamination, but not in the culture media from new rice straw or other feed samples. In conclusion, our field trials clearly indicate that the rice straw fed to the cows was naturally contaminated with ZEN, and that the monitoring of urinary ZEN concentrations could prove to be a useful tool for detecting the exposure of cattle to ZEN contamination at the farm level.
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