Precise computer-based localization of the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs in a Kurdish population Abstract Objectives. To develop and characterize a computer-based application to locate the position of the mental foramen (MF) on orthopantomograms of both dentulous and edentulous patients. Methods. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed using the computer programs Photoshop and AutoCAD to locate the MF in the horizontal and vertical planes in 110 dentulous patients and in the superior/inferior planes of 50 completely edentulous patients. Results. In the dentulous population (n = 110), the anteroposterior position of the MF was primarily defi ned by being in line with either the longitudinal axis of the lower second premolar (n = 60, 55%) or the longitudinal axis of a point between the fi rst and second premolars (n = 39, 35.9%). The anteroposterior position of the MF was asymmetrical in 17.3% of the patients (10.3% of men and 25% of women). In the vertical plane, the MF was located slightly below the midpoint between the inferior border of the mandible and the alveolar bone crest. No signifi cant differences related to side (P > 0.05) was detected. Conclusions. Our convenient, computer-based application facilitates the rapid pin-pointing of the MF on panoramic radiographs. In the present study, the MF was located directly below the mandibular second premolar in the majority of Kurdish patients. These results and techniques may be useful when any mandibular surgery is planned.
Multiple oral and cutaneous nodular and papular reddish-blue lesions are described in the case of a 60-year-old woman. The duration of the lesions was more than 1 year, with the oral lesion preceding the skin lesions. Histopathological examination revealed malignant vascular tumour with changes consistent with angiosarcoma. Angiosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumour of the oral cavity, and the present case describes oral and skin lesions with a unique clinical behaviour.
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