Sokak, cadde, meydanlar ve rekreasyon amaçlı tasarlanmış genel ya da özel kullanım alanlarında yer verilen kentsel donatı elemanları, kentsel yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasına katkı sağlayan önemli peyzaj elemanlarıdır. Bulundukları çevre ile bütünleşerek kentin önemli bir öğesi haline gelen kentsel donatı elemanları, kent ile kurdukları bütünlük ile bir kentin kimliğinin oluşmasına katkı sağlayan en önemli araçlardan biridir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, kentsel donatı elemanlarının sınıflandırılarak, peyzaj mimarlığı açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, merkezi konumları ve yoğun kullanıma sahip olmaları nedeni ile Çankırı kent merkezinde yer alan Alparslan Türkeş Caddesi ve Necip Fazıl Kısakürek Sokağı araştırma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. İlk olarak; kentsel donatı elemanlarının tanımı yapılarak, önemi, tasarım ilkeleri, özellikleri, kullanım türleri belirtilmiş ve işlevlerine göre sınıflandırmaları verilmiştir. Devamında; seçilen araştırma alanlarında yer alan kentsel donatı elemanları bu teorik yaklaşımlar doğrultusunda sınıflandırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Son aşamada ise, araştırma alanlarındaki kentsel donatı elemanları peyzaj mimarlığı meslek disiplini açısından irdelenmiş ve özgün kentsel mekânlar oluşturulması kapsamında öneriler getirilmiştir.
This study was conducted to determine suitable plant species for reclamation of an abandoned coal mine area at Ovacik village within the borders of Yaprakli town in the province of Cankiri, Turkey. The paper comprises three basic parts: (i) sampling and analyses of several chemical-physical properties of the soil; (ii) sampling and identification of the natural plant species; and (iii) determination of topographic features of the study area by spatial analysis tools. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 30 cm depth at 15 sampling sites. Soil textural separates (percent sand, silt and clay), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), soil pH, electrical conductivity and soil organic matter (SOM) were measured. Soil properties, especially SOM content, pH and textural separates, exhibited significant variations at the sampling site. SOM content was considerably high and pH was low in the coal storage area. The plant composition of the study area was studied based on the plants collected during the period of vegetation from 2010 to 2011. The collected plants were suitably transformed to herbarium materials and identified according to modern systematic techniques. A total of 54 taxa belonging to 23 families were determined in the study area. The average slope of the study area is approximately 24% and the dominant aspect is south-east. By considering all features of the study area, a total of 28 taxa, excluding natural plant species identified on the site, were suggested for reclamation.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a highly demanded tool for positioning and synchronization of measurements; therefore, assessing the accuracy of a GPS receiver is an essential phase of any field survey. The main goal of this study is to briefly summarize different commonly used GPS accuracy measures and then compare the horizontal and vertical accuracies of GPS and differential GPS (DGPS) by taking instant measurements, instead of making measurements for long periods of time at sampling locations. To achieve this, a field study was carried out at Middle East Technical University (METU) campus in Ankara, Turkey. As a preliminary step before the field study, a basic sampling strategy was developed. The horizontal and vertical accuracies of both receivers were calculated and given in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE) and arithmetic mean of error. The results revealed out that DGPS has significantly better performance than GPS, when horizontal and vertical accuracies are considered.
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