As a key component of the cell-to-cell communication, small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) released from various sources are known to be affecting the physiological conditions of the target cells. Although it has been suggested that edible plant-derived nanoparticles contributes to the cross kingdom communication with the mammalian cells, the effect of these particles on cancer cell progression still needs a further exploration. Here, we isolated and then characterized garlic derived SEVs by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy and SEV surface antibodies. In order to investigate anti-cancer property of garlic SEVs A498 human kidney carcinoma, A549 human lung carcinoma were used as cell models along with the normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Annexin V/pI staining and analysis of apoptotic mRNA and protein expression levels suggested that garlic SEVs induced apoptosis through activation of intrinsic pathway. Furthermore, angiogenic VEGF protein expression levels significantly decreased in response to SEVs treatment in cancer cells. Our results support that garlic derived SEVs could cause apoptotic cell death among cancer cells while normal cells remain unaffected with the treatment. This study revealed for the first time that plant SEVs possess anti-cancer affects by inducing caspase mediated apoptosis and provided a new alternative for cancer treatment.

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Background Effective cryopreservation allows for the long-term storage of living cells or tissues with the possibility of later clinical applications. Unfortunately, no successful investigations on the long-term preservation of adipose aspirates for prospective autologous fat grafting have been conducted. Objectives In this study, we aimed to compare three different freezing methods to preserve adipose aspirates obtained from conventional lipoplasty to determine theoptimal cryopreservation technique. Methods To determine the optimal cryopreservation technique hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, MTT assay and Annexin Assay were performed on each of the three groups plus a fourth control group. different. Group 1 served as the control and fat tissue was analyzed immediately after adipose harvesting with no cryopreservation. For experimental group 2, 15 mL of adipose aspirates were directly frozen at -80oC for up to two weeks. For experimental group 3, 15 mL of adipose aspirates were frozen inside the adi-frosty containing 100% isopropanol and stored at -80°C for up to two weeks. For experimental group 4, 15 mL of adipose aspirates were frozen with freezing solution containing 90% of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (v/v) and 10% of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (v/v). Results The results demonstrated that the experimental group 3 had significantly more live adipocytes and greater cellular function of adipose aspirates than the experimental groups 2 and 4. Conclusions Cryopreservation with adi-frosty containing 100% isopropanol appears to be the best means of cryopreservation of fat.

Background Wound healing is a process that involves multiple physiological steps, and despite the availability of various wound treatment methods, their effectiveness is still limited due to several factors, including cost, efficiency, patient-specific requirements, and side effects. In recent years, nanovesicles called exosomes have gained increasing attention as a potential wound care solution due to their unique cargo components which enable cell-to-cell communication and regulate various biological processes. Umbilical cord blood plasma exosomes (UCBP) have shown promise in triggering beneficial signaling pathways that aid in cell proliferation and wound healing. However, there is still very limited information about the wound-healing effect of umbilical cord blood plasma exosomes in literature. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to investigate the ‘Hybrosome’ technology generated with calf UCBP-derived exosome-liposome combination. Methods The authors developed ‘Hybrosome’ technology by fusing cord blood exosomes membranes with liposomes. Nanovesicle characterization, cell proliferation assay, wound healing scratch assay, immunohistochemistry analysis, anti-inflammation assay, RT-PCRi, ELISA, and cellular uptake studies were performed using the novel hybrid exosomes. Results Experimental results showed that Hybrosome increases cell proliferation and migration by 40-50%, depending on the dose, and induces an anti-inflammatory effect on different cell lines as well as increased wound healing related gene expression levels of dermal cells in vitro. All in all, this research widens the scope of wound healing therapeutics to the novel Hybrosome technology. Conclusions UCBP-based applications have the potential for wound treatments and are promising in the development of novel therapies. This study shows that hybrosomes have an outstanding ability in wound healing using in vitro approaches.