Background In developing countries, the long delays in consultation lead to a delay in diagnosis and management of the skin tumors. The lesions are often large and bring the problem of skin coverage after their resections. Several reconstruction techniques allow skin coverage. The objective of this study is to describe the place of O-to-Z technique in the surgical treatment of skin cancers in Ouagadougou. We hypothesized that O-to-Z technique reduces healing times and the number of dressings compared with directed wound healing. Patients and methods It was a two-center, retrospective, descriptive study on O-to-Z technique in skin cancers. It included patients who underwent surgery between January 1st, 2013 and March 30th, 2021 in Ouagadougou. Scar quality and healing time in Z-plasty were compared with those of secondary healing. We used the Student’s t test. Results In 8 years and 3 months, 171 skin cancers were identified. The mean time to consultation was 13.6 months. The average size of the tumors was 9 cm. An O-to-Z technique was performed in 42 cases, being 58.3% of the patients operated on. The average healing time was 15 days. It was four and a half times shorter in O-to-Z technique than in secondary healing. Ischemic necrosis of the Z-corner was noted in 7 cases. The recurrence rate in O-to-Z technique and secondary healing was 7.1% and 9.1% respectively. Hypertrophic or keloidal scars were noticed in 7 cases and hypochromia in 2 cases. Conclusion O-to-Z technique is a technique of choice for skin coverage after large resections in surgical oncology. It reduces the healing time and the cost of postoperative care without increasing the risk of tumor recurrence.

Highlights EPIDEMIOLOGY : paraganglioma of the ZUCKERKANDL organ is a rare neuroendocrine tumour but must be known. DIAGNOSIS : The typical presentation which is the Menard Triad of symptoms, associating headaches, sweating and palpitation. Preoperative diagnosis can be difficult in pauci-symptomatic cases. The Clinical signs, Abdominal-pelvic CT scan and biology are the steps of the preoperative diagnosis. TREATMENT : Treatment is surgical. Preoperative medical preparation is aimed at reducing risks of peroperative hemodynamic instability. The anesthetist should therefore prepare himself to manage blood pressure peaks during the tumour’s dissection, but also the possible low blood pressure at the end of exeresis. Surgery remains the key element of treatment and consists in exeresis of the paragaglioma. PROGNOSIS : paraganglioma of the ZUCKERKANDL organ is often a benign tumor. The resuscitation determines the patient’s prognosis.

BackgroundMale breast cancer is a rare and less known disease. Therapeutic modalities affect survival. In Burkina Faso, male breast cancers are diagnosed in everyday practice, but the prognosis at short-, middle-, and long-term remains unknown. The objective of this study is to study the diagnosis stages, therapeutic modalities, and 5-year survival in male breast cancer at the General Surgery Unit of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital from 1990 to 2009.MethodsA cohort longitudinal study concerning cases of breast cancer diagnosed in man. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and survival curves were compared through the LogRank test.ResultsFifty-one cases of male breast cancer were followed-up, i.e., 2.6% of all breast cancers. Stages III and IV represented 88% of cases. Eleven patients (21.6%) were at metastatic stage. Patients were operated in 60.8% of cases. The surgery included axillary dissection in 25 (80.6%) out of 31 cases. Lumpectomy was performed on 6.5% of patients (2 cases). Fifteen (29.4%) and 11 (21.6%) patients underwent chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, respectively. The FAC protocol was mostly used. Radiation therapy was possible in two cases. The median deadline for follow-up was 14.8 months. A local recurrence was noticed in 3.2% of cases. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.9%. The median survival was over 5 years for stages I and II. It was 54 down to 36 months for stages III and IV.ConclusionDiagnosis is late. The lack of immunohistochemistry makes it difficult to define the proportion of their hormonal dependence. Surgery is the basic treatment. Five-year survival is slow and the median survival depends on the diagnosis stage. It can be improved through awareness-raising campaigns and the conduct of individual screening.

Breast cancer is the top cause of cancer mortality among women in the world and the second in Africa. The aims of this study were to: i) identify women with breast nodules suspected of having breast cancer ii) sequence the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and iii) screen mutations. From 2015 to 2016, 112 women aged from 35 to 44 years, who had come for consultation in the gynecology/obstetrics and the oncology department of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, voluntarily agreed to participate to this study. Whole blood was collected from those with mammary nodules. The genomic DNA was extracted using Qiagen kit. FAST KAPA was used for genomic DNA amplification and the purified PCR products were analyzed by direct sequencing using Big Dye v1.1 and ABI 3730 automated sequencer. Nucleotides substitutions were determined. We identified BRCA1 SNPs rs1799966, rs799917, rs16942, rs16941, rs2227945, and BRCA2 SNPs rs169547, rs4986860. These identified variants are found mostly in cases of benign tumors of breast or ovarian cancer with familial history of breast cancer. This study in Burkina-Faso, is the basis for improved and more specific genetic testing, and suggests that additional genes contributing to an increased risk of breast cancer should be analyzed.

Le mélanome est une tumeur maligne développée aux dépens des mélanocytes. Ses caractéristiques épidémiologiques restent peu étudiées dans les populations africaines. D'où le but de cette étude. Il s'est agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive de janvier 2009 à décembre 2012 et prospective en 2013. Pour la partie rétrospective, nous avons inclus tous les patients atteints de mélanome confirmé par l'examen histopathologique et ayant un dossier clinique exploitable. Pour la partie prospective, nous avons inclus tous les cas de mélanomes recensés en 2013. Les variables étudiées étaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, anatomocliniques et thérapeutiques. Au total 19 patients étaient inclus, avec un âge médian de 53,42 ans et 10 patients de sexe féminin. La durée moyenne d’évolution de la maladie était de 3,7 ans. Les lésions étaient surtout ulcero-bourgeonnantes (13), hyperpigmentées (15), et siégeaient sur les plantes (14). Le type et acro-lentigineux était le plus fréquent (13). L'indice de Clarck a été mesuré dans 3 cas, l'indice de Breslow dans aucun cas. Les métastases étaient présentes chez 10 patients. Le traitement était surtout chirurgical. Les 11 patients inclus de manière retrospective étaient ont été perdus de vue. Un décès était noté parmi les 8 patients inclus de manière prospective. Le retard à la consultation semblait être le principal facteur de mauvais pronostic dans notre contexte. Une sensibilisation de la population et du personnel de santé sur les signes précoces de la maladie, permettrait probablement de réduire la morbidité.

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HighlightsWe report a case of umbilical endometriosis with unusual clinical expression in woman with no know history of endometrios.There was a gradual transformation of the umbilicus originally normal appearance into several small nodules.The patient underwent mini-omphactomy with uneveventful postoperative course.

Etudier la place de la chirurgie dans la prise en charge des cancers du sein au centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo. Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective et descriptive sur dix (10) mois portant sur la place de la chirurgie dans le cancer du sein. Elle a eu pour cadre les services de gynécologie-obstétrique et de chirurgie viscérale et digestive du centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo. Ont été pris en compte les indications, les gestes et les résultats de la chirurgie. Nous avons colligé 81 cancers mammaires. Le délai moyen de consultation a été de 14,26 mois. Les tumeurs T3 à T4 représentaient 82,71% des cas. Trente-huit patientes (46,91%) ont été opérées. La chimiothérapie néo adjuvante a été réalisée dans 29,63% des cas. Trente-quatre patientes (41,97%) étaient opérables d'emblée. Il s'agissait de mastectomie selon Madden dans 94,74% des cas et de chirurgie de propreté dans 2 cas (5,26% des cas). Une chimiothérapie adjuvante a été réalisée chez 52,63% des patientes opérées. Des complications à type de lymphocèle ont été notées dans 23,68% des cas. Leur traitement a consisté en des ponctions évacuatrices. Les indications de la chirurgie sont limitées par le retard diagnostique corollaire de stades avancés des cancers du sein. L'absence de la radiothérapie rend délicate la pratique de la chirurgie conservatrice et la mastectomie occupe toujours une place importante. Un diagnostic précoce permettrait d'augmenter les indications chirurgicales.