The need for environmental preservation requires civil engineering to reach new concepts and technical solutions aiming at the sustainability of its activities and products. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different types and percentages of vegetable particles on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of soil-cement bricks. Bamboo, rice husk and coffee husk particles at 1.5 and 3% percentages and a control treatment not using the particle were evaluated. The chemical properties, shrinkage, compaction, consistency limits and grain size were characterized for the soil; and the anatomical, chemical and physical properties for the lignocellulosic particles. The bricks were produced using an automatic press and characterized after the curing process for density, water absorption, porosity, loss of mass by immersion, compressive strength, durability and thermal conductivity. The increase in the lignocellulosic waste percentage caused a mechanical strength decrease and bricks` porosity and water absorption increase. However, it caused a decrease in density and an enhancement in loss of mass and thermal insulation properties. The bricks produced with rice husk obtained the best results in terms of mechanical and thermal properties, and were still among the best treatments for physical properties, standing out among the lignocellulosic waste as an alternative raw material source for soil-cement bricks production.
RESUMO: Muitas alternativas vêm sendo estudadas sobre o emprego de resíduos agrícolas, agroindustriais e florestais na produção de painéis aglomerados na tentativa de aproveitar os resíduos oriundos desses ramos, que por muitas vezes geram problemas ambientais devido à sua destinação incorreta. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização do resíduo gerado durante o processo de produção da celulose (UKP), na fabricação de painéis MDP (Medium Density Particleboard). As proporções utilizadas para a substituição da madeira de Pinus oocarpa pelo resíduo foram de 15, 30, 45 e 60% (em massa), utilizando o adesivo ureia-formaldeído. Foram realizados os ensaios de densidade aparente (DA), absorção de água após duas e vinte e quatro horas de imersão (AA2h e AA24h), inchamento em espessura após duas e vinte e quatro horas de imersão (IE2h e IE24h), ligação interna (LI), e módulo de elasticidade (MOE) e módulo de ruptura (MOR) à flexão estática. A utilização de partículas de resíduo UKP para a produção de painéis MDP se mostrou prejudicial, uma vez que acarretou na diminuição das propriedades mecânicas e no aumento dos valores de absorção de água e inchamento em espessura.Palavras-chave: material lignocelulósico; propriedades físico-mecânicas; ureia-formaldeído MDP panels produced with pulp extraction residues ABSTRACT: Many alternatives have been studied on the use of agricultural, agroindustrial and forest residues in the production of particleboard in an attempt to take advantage of the residues from these branches, which often generate environmental problems due to their incorrect destination. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of the waste generated during the pulp production process (UKP) in the manufacture of MDP panels. The proportions used for the replacement of Pinus oocarpa wood by the residue were 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% (by mass), using the urea-formaldehyde binder. The apparent density (DA), water absorption after two and twenty four hours of immersion (AA2h and AA24h), thickness swelling after two and twenty four hours of immersion (IE2h and IE24h), internal LI), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) to static bending. The use of UKP residue particles for the production of MDP panels proved to be detrimental since it resulted in a decrease in mechanical properties and an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling.
The Dr. Salatiel Square, located at Marechal Bittencourt Street in the historical center of the São João del-Rei city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, appeared in the twentieth century during the period of hygienism. It was inserted in a place that over the years suffered several modifications on its morphology. The work aims to study the landscape aspects and socio-cultural evolution of this square. This work execution consisted of the two steps: field research for the identification of the historical square significance, and a research that was carried out in the historical collections of the city. During the field research, it was collected the current state of Dr. Salatiel Square as well as its uses and potentials, and its botanical composition. Analyzing the square and its surroundings, and also the information collected in São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, it was possible to verify that the site, which nowadays the Dr. Salatiel Square is placed, was occupied before by European influenced houses that were overthrown later in the period of hygienism. Among all the nomenclatures already attributed to the street that shelter the square, the best known by population is Cachaça’s Street due to the commerce of the time which favored the nightlife and bohemia. The square in study is part of the historical center of the city, and all its surroundings are overturned. However, the square has faced significant constructive and botanical modifications on its structure constituting a space characterized by the abandonment due to factors such as accumulation of garbage and great flow of vehicles. From the carried out study, it was verified that the number of information about the place is scarce, so that the continuation of its historical rescue is of great importance for means of preserving the history of the city and the population.
The need for environmental preservation requires civil engineering to reach new concepts and technical solutions aiming at the sustainability of its activities and products. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different types and percentages of vegetable particles on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of soil-cement bricks. Bamboo, rice husk and coffee husk particles at 1.5 and 3% percentages and a control treatment not using the particle were evaluated. The chemical properties, shrinkage, compaction, consistency limits and grain size were characterized for the soil; and the anatomical, chemical and physical properties for the lignocellulosic particles. The bricks were produced using an automatic press and characterized after the curing process for density, water absorption, porosity, loss of mass by immersion, compressive strength, durability and thermal conductivity. The increase in the lignocellulosic waste percentage caused a mechanical strength decrease and bricks` porosity and water absorption increase. However, it caused a decrease in density and an enhancement in loss of mass and thermal insulation properties. The bricks produced with rice husk obtained the best results in terms of mechanical and thermal properties, and were still among the best treatments for physical properties, standing out among the lignocellulosic waste as an alternative raw material source for soil-cement bricks production.
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