In network theory depression is conceptualized as a complex network of individual symptoms that influence each other, and central symptoms in the network have the greatest impact on other symptoms. Clinical features of depression are largely determined by sociocultural context. No previous study examined the network structure of depressive symptoms in Hong Kong residents. The aim of this study was to characterize the depressive symptom network structure in a community adult sample in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 11,072 participants were recruited between 24 March and 20 April 2020. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The network structure of depressive symptoms was characterized, and indices of “strength”, “betweenness”, and “closeness” were used to identify symptoms central to the network. Network stability was examined using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Guilt, Sad Mood, and Energy symptoms had the highest centrality values. In contrast, Concentration, Suicide, and Sleep had lower centrality values. There were no significant differences in network global strength (p = 0.259), distribution of edge weights (p = 0.73) and individual edge weights (all p values > 0.05 after Holm–Bonferroni corrections) between males and females. Guilt, Sad Mood, and Energy symptoms were central in the depressive symptom network. These central symptoms may be targets for focused treatments and future psychological and neurobiological research to gain novel insight into depression.
These results proposed that intentional nursing rounds based on the care model were effective in improving perception of quality nursing care and patients' satisfaction with nursing care. Structured patient-oriented intentional nursing rounds based on the care model are expected to expand to a variety of clinical settings further.
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among health locus of control, resilience, social support, and health promoting behavior in patients with coronary artery diseases. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive correlational design using a survey method. The subjects were 165 coronary artery disease patients at the cardiology out-patient clinic of the C university hospital. Data were collected through Health Locus of Control Scale, Resilience Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Instrument, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchial regression. Results: There were significant positive bivariate correlations of health promoting behavior with internal health locus of control, doctors health locus of control, resilience and social support respectively, and correlation between resilience and social support. Among predictors, internal health locus of control (β=.28), social support (β=.28) and resilience (β=.25) had statistically significant influences on health promoting behavior. Conclusion: These results proposed that internal health locus of control, social support and resilience have important influences on health promoting behavior. Nursing interventions to enhance internal health locus of control, resilience and social support might be essential for patients with coronary artery disease in order to promote their health behaviors.
The purposes of this study were to develop a scale to measure the grit for nurses and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: Through a literature review and focus group interviews, 28 preliminary items were selected. After a content validity examination by experts, 35 items were chosen. The questionnaire survey for this study was conducted with 330 nurses from five hospitals in A city in Korea. Among them, 305 met the inclusion criteria for analyses. Results: From the exploratory factor analysis to determine validity, three factors were drawn. The variance explanation by the three factors was 56.62%, which means that the scale explained grit in clinical nurses. The three factors were labeled as 'sustained persistence' (5 items), 'consistency of interest as a nursing professional' (5 items), and 'Patient oriented intrinsic motivation' (4 items). The grit for criterion-related validity showed that the correlation coefficient was .53 (p<.001), validating the developed scale. For internal consistency, Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient was .91. Conclusion: Through the development process for the instrument as described above, the clinical nurses' grit was shown to have validity and reliability. Improving the grit of clinical nurses may contribute to prevention of turnover.
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