No abstract

The ovulatory cycle has a significant influence on the microbial composition, according to the action of estrogen and progesterone on the stratified squamous epithelium, due to an increase in epithelial thickness, glycogen deposition, and influence on local immunology. The 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing study demonstrated that healthy women have community state types (CST), classified as; type “L,” with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus, type II, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri, type III, where Lactobacillus iners predominates, and type V with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. Type IV does not identify lactobacilli but a heterogeneous population of bacteria. There seems to be a relationship between increased vaginal bacterial diversity and poverty of lactobacilli with the complaining of vaginal dryness. With menopause, there appears to be a reduction in lactobacilli associated with higher serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lower estrogen levels. The evaluation of Gram-stained vaginal smears in postmenopause women must take into account the clinical-laboratory correlation. We should observe two meanly possibilities, atrophy with few bacterial morphotypes, without inflammatory, infiltrate (atrophy without inflammation), and atrophy with evident inflammatory infiltrate (atrophy with inflammation or atrophic vaginitis). The relationship between the microbiome and postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms seems to be related to the bacterial vaginal population. However, more robust studies are needed to confirm this impression.

RESUMOA taxa de mulheres que estão recorrendo às técnicas de reprodução assistida para a concepção cresce a cada ano. Um dos fatores que ratifica esse aumento é o fato de as mulheres estarem postergando a primeira gestação para depois dos 30 anos, logo quando inicia um acentuado declínio na fertilidade, outro fator que causa infertilidade são as neoplasias. Uma das soluções para preservação da fertilidade em pacientes com neoplasias e para preservação social é a criopreservação tecido ovariano (CTO). O objetivo deste artigo é identificar, por meio da revisão da literatura, a utilização do método de CTO como uma alternativa terapêutica para a preservação da fertilidade feminina. Foram selecionados artigos experimentais em inglês, português e espanhol nos bancos de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e ScienceDirect, que realizaram a criopreservação de tecido ovariano entre 2014 e 2019. De 38 artigos selecionados, 18 com 1.332 pacientes relataram 199 gestações e 164 nascidos vivos. Dos 18 artigos, 88,8% foi reimplantado de maneira ortotópica e 11,1% heterotópica. Assim, CTO pode ser utilizada em pacientes pré e póspúberes, não necessita de parceiros nem de estimulação ovariana, existindo grandes possibilidades de restauração endócrina e gravidez natural. Palavras-chave:Criopreservação. Tecido ovariano. Transplante. Preservação da fertilidade. Oncofertilidade. ABSTRACTThe rate of women who are using assisted reproduction techniques for conception grows every year. One of the factors that confirms this increase is the fact that women are postponing their first pregnancy until after the age of 30, just when a sharp decline in fertility starts, another factor that causes infertility is neoplasms. One of the solutions for preserving fertility in patients with cancer and for social preservation is the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue (CTO). The purpose of this article is to identify, through a literature review, the use of the CTO method as a therapeutic alternative for the preservation of female fertility. Experimental articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish were selected from the PubMed, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect databases, which performed the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue between 2014 and 2019. Of 38 selected articles, 18 with 1,332 patients reported 199 pregnancies and 164 live births. Of the 18 articles, 88.8% were re-implanted in an orthotopic manner and 11.1% heterotopic. Thus, CTO can be used in pre-and postpubertal patients, does not require partners or ovarian stimulation, with great possibilities for endocrine restoration and natural pregnancy.

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria, or other microorganisms, thus being a serious public health issue. Trichomonas vaginalis is the disease causative agent of trichomoniasis, a worldwide protozoan. The prevalence of trichomoniasis depends on some factors, including age, sexual activity, number of sexual partners, hygiene habits, among others. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in gynecological cytology in a private laboratory in the city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective, quantitative, and descriptive study carried out in a private laboratory in Fortaleza, state of Ceará. Data for the research, such as age, marital status, and symptoms, were collected from the patients’ medical records as well as the prevalence of cases in liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional cytology (CC). Results: In 2019, 83 women were positive for trichomoniasis. The most prevalent age group was between 36 and 51 years old (41%), with an average of 39.9 years old. Regarding symptoms, 14 (16.8%) were asymptomatic and 41 (49.3%) had some symptom. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study describe the profile of women affected by Trichomonas vaginalis.

Background:The school community was heavily impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, especially with the long time of school closures. This study aimed to analyze the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and possible factors associated with seropositivity for COVID-19 in teachers and other school staff, and to estimate the fraction of asymptomatic individuals by sex and age group. Methods:We conducted a serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 infections. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Fortaleza, Brazil. Teachers and other staff members from pre-schools to universities of higher education to were investigated.Results: A total of 1,901 professionals participated in the study, of which 1,021 were staff and 880 were teachers. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 8.0% (152/1901). In the seropositive group, 48.3% were asymptomatic. There was a predominance of women (68.4%); and, 47.1% of the participants were between 31 and 45 years old. There was an increase in prevalence with increasing age. An inverse relationship was found for education level: more professionals with less education tested positive for COVID-19. The presence of an infected person living in the same household was significantly associated with positive results for COVID-19 among the professionals.Conclusions: This is the first study to report the seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazilian educational staff after the first wave of the disease. In this study, the seroprevalence was much lower than that in the general population. During school reopening, a small fraction of school workers showed serologically detectable signs of SARS-CoV-2 exposure.