Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) can result from primary malignancies of the pleura or from underlying intrathoracic or extrathoracic malignancies that reach the pleural space by hematogenous, lymphatic, or contiguous spread. Conventional smear and cell block (CB) technique is one of the oldest methods for the evaluation of body cavity fluids. The principal advantage of cell block over conventional smears are an additional yield of malignant cells and obtaining multiple sections for ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study is a hospital-based cross-sectional study which was conducted for a period of 14 months from June 2021 to July 2022 in a tertiary care centre of North East India. Among 277 pleural effusion specimens 11.91% cases were positive for malignancy.Lung carcinoma was the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion. Non-small cell lung carcinoma comprised majority of lung carcinoma cases. Adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype of NSCLC with female preponderance. Cytological diagnosis had a Sensitivity of 76.19%, specificity of 100% andAccuracy of 96.5%. Immunohistochemistry of lung carcinoma in cell block preparation revealed 77.77% cases of adenocarcinoma of lung were positive for TTF-1(P<0.018). Immuno-expression of P63 and P40 showed positive expression in both the cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Conventional smear and cell block method with application of immunohistochemistry will help us in accurate diagnosis of primary site of the tumour aiding early treatment especially in resources restricted hospitals.
Background: Bone tumors are infrequently encountered disease constituting only 0.5% of the total world cancer incidence. There are worldwide variations in different bone lesion and patterns of bone cancer. Histologic evaluation is one of the first prerequisites in evaluating any primary bone tumor.
Methods: The present study was carried out at the Gauhati Medical College and hospital (GMCH), Guwahati, Assam for a period of 2 years. Cases of bone biopsy from the histopathology section of GMCH were reviewed and analyzed.
Results: We found that bone lesions were common in <20 years of age, having a male predilection. Osteomyelitis was the most common non-neoplastic lesion; among neoplastic most common benign tumor was osteoclastoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant bony lesion.
Conclusions: Preoperative histopathological analysis of bone biopsy is very valuable in diagnosis as well as planning of surgical procedure specifically in case of neoplastic bone lesion and proper management of non-neoplastic lesion. Therefore, biopsy and radiology together aid in correct diagnosis of bony lesions.
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