E-commerce industry has witnessed a phenomenal growth globally due to the sudden spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the advancement of mobile Internet technology, with fast adaption of online shopping technologies by the customers. Previously, online shopping was only available in a few product categories and to a select group of consumers. The COVID-19 guidelines related to safety, physical distancing, closure, lockdown, and other restrictions have insisted that consumers shop online. Because of e-commerce growth, the grocery (FMCG) industry is also equipped with advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and block chain technology. This paper analyzes the UTAUT2 model and its influence on perceived risk and consumer trust in online purchase intention of grocery categories of products among Indian customers. We tried to analyze the growth potential of new technologies in grocery retail and formulated the hypotheses. The results showed that the spread of COVID-19 pandemic had a significant influence on the online shopping behavior of Indian customers. The outcome of the study partly assists businesses in understanding the impact of the factors of consumer adaption of technology, perceived risk associated with online transaction, consumer trust in online technologies and consumer online purchase intention of grocery products. To promote e-commerce in India, the current study suggests that marketers should try to develop consumer trust and lowering the perceived risk associated with online shopping. Some management implications and future area of study based on empirical findings are also highlighted in the present research work.

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Firefly algorithm is one of the well-known swarm-based algorithms which gained popularity within a short time and has different applications. It is easy to understand and implement. The existing studies show that it is prone to premature convergence and suggest the relaxation of having constant parameters. To boost the performance of the algorithm, different modifications are done by several researchers. In this chapter, we will review these modifications done on the standard firefly algorithm based on parameter modification, modified search strategy and change the solution space to make the search easy using different probability distributions. The modifications are done for continuous as well as non-continuous problems. Different studies including hybridization of firefly algorithm with other algorithms, extended firefly algorithm for multiobjective as well as multilevel optimization problems, for dynamic problems, constraint handling and convergence study will also be briefly reviewed. A simulationbased comparison will also be provided to analyse the performance of the standard as well as the modified versions of the algorithm. . IntroductionAn optimization problem refers to the maximization or minimization of an objective function by setting suitable values for the variables from a set of feasible values. These problems appear not only in complex scientific studies but also in our day-to-day activities. For instance, when a person wants to go from one place to another and has multiple possible routes, a decision needs to be made on which route to take. The decision can be with the objective to minimize travel time, fuel consumption and so on. However, these kinds of problems with fewer number of alternatives can easily be solved by looking at the outcome of each of the alternatives. However, in real problems, it is not always the case to have a finite and small number of alternatives. Hence, different solution methods are proposed based on the behaviour of the problem. Firefly algorithm is among those metaheuristic algorithms which have different applications. Its uncomplicated and easy steps with its effectiveness attract researchers from different disciplines it. Different studies have been performed to modify the standard firefly algorithm to boost its performance and to make it suitable for a problem at hand. In this chapter, a comprehensive study will be presented on firefly algorithm and its modified versions. A brief discussion on extended firefly algorithm with other relevant studies will also be provided. In the next section, a discussion on optimization problems with their solution methods will be given followed by a review on studies on firefly algorithm, which includes a discussion on the standard firefly algorithm with its modified versions and other relevant studies on firefly algorithm, in Section . In Section , a comparative study based on simulation results will be presented followed by summary of the chapter in Section . . Optimization problemsDecision-making problems can be found ...

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Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to investigate the overall performance of a pin fin.The following study will examine the effect of governing parameters on overall thermal/fluid performance associated with different fin geometries, including, rectangular plate fins as well as square, circular, and elliptical pin fins. The idea of entropy generation minimization, EGM is employed to combine the effects of thermal resistance and pressure drop within the heat sink. A general dimensionless expression for the entropy generation rate is obtained by considering a control volume around the pin fin including base plate and applying the conservations equations for mass and energy with the entropy balance. Selected fin geometries are examined for the heat transfer, fluid friction, and the minimum entropy generation rate corresponding to different parameters including axis ratio, aspect ratio, and Reynolds number. The results clearly indicate that the preferred fin profile is very dependent on these parameters.

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