Objectives. Although the incidence of skin cancers in India (part of South Asia) is low, the absolute number of cases may be significant due to large population. The existing literature on BCC in India is scant. So, this study was done focusing on its epidemiology, risk factors, and clinicopathological aspects. Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in Punjab, North India, from 2011 to 2013. History, examination and histopathological confirmation were done in all the patients visiting skin department with suspected lesions. Results. Out of 36 confirmed cases, 63.9% were females with mean ± SD age being 60.9 ± 14.2 years. Mean duration of disease was 4.7 years. Though there was statistically significant higher sun exposure in males compared to females (P value being 0.000), BCC was commoner in females, explainable by intermittent sun exposure (during household work in the open kitchens) in women. Majority of patients (88.9%) had a single lesion. Head and neck region was involved in 97.2% of cases, with nose being the commonest site (50%) with nodular/noduloulcerative morphology in 77.8% of cases. Pigmentation was evident in 22.2% of cases clinically. Nodular variety was the commonest histopathological variant (77.8%). Conclusions. This study highlights a paradoxically increasing trend of BCC with female preponderance, preferential involvement of nose, and higher percentage of pigmentation in Indians.

Background:The role fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions has evolved over the years. Although clinical and radiological parameters help to narrow the differential diagnosis the tissue diagnosis still remains the gold standard.Materials and Methods:This study is from January 2013 to December 2015 in our Department of Pathology where 170 salivary gland lesions were aspirated. The aim of the present study was to analyze adequacy rate in relation to the size of lesion and to evaluate varied cytological spectrum of salivary gland lesions with emphasis on differential diagnosis and to correlate cytological diagnosis with age, gender and anatomical site.Results:The 170 cytological smears were categorized into two groups: Group 1 adequate aspirations (88.2%), Group 2 inadequate aspirations (11.7%). The adequate aspirations were subdivided as neoplastic (53.33%) and nonneoplastic (46.66%). The distribution of the various neoplastic lesions (80; 53.33%) were 66 (82.5%) benign, 12 (15%) were malignant and 2 (2.5%) were suspicious of malignancy. Among benign neoplasms, the pleomorphic adenoma (62; 93.3%) was the most frequent followed by Warthins tumor (4; 6%). The most common malignant neoplasms were adenoid cystic carcinoma (6; 50%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (4; 33.3%), malignant lymphoma (1; 8.3%) and metastatic carcinomatous deposits (1; 8.3%). In two cases, cytological picture indicated suspicion for malignancy however specific tumor typing could not be done. The neoplasms occurred more frequently in the parotid gland (65%), followed by submandibular gland (21.3%) and minor salivary glands (13.8%). The nonneoplastic lesions (70) included 68.6% cases of chronic sialadenitis, 17.1% cases were reported as mucocele, 11.4% cases of acute sialadenitis 2.9% cases as tubercular granulomas.Conclusion:FNA cytology provides useful information on the management of salivary gland lesions and prevents unnecessary surgery in cases of nonneoplastic lesions and identification of malignancy helps the surgeon in deciding type and extent of surgery.

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Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as simple, minimally invasive, low-cost, outpatient diagnostic modality for the evaluation of nodules caused by parasites. Cysticercosis is caused by larval stage of Taenia solium, pork tapeworm. It is endemic in Southeast Asia, Latin America and South Africa. We report a case of cysticercosis in a 25-year-old male who presented with painless swelling of submandibular gland which was diagnosed on FNAC. The patient was recommended antihelminthic therapy which resulted in complete resolution of the swelling.

Background: Autopsy provides normal as well as diseased human tissue for morphologic studies, for establishment of cell and organ culture as well for xenotransplantation. It provides the opportunity to discover new diseases, to evaluate toxic effects of drugs and therapies. The kidneys are often affected by chronic inflammatory lesions, neoplasms , toxic effects of various drugs and metabolic disorders. Material and Methods:This was a five year study from January 2011 to December 2015 in our department of pathology. The kidneys of medico legal autopsies performed during these years were subjected to our study. After excluding 30 cases of severely damaged tissue, 120 cases of well preserved renal medico legal autopsies were included in our study. The stained microscopic sections were examined by two histopathologists independently.Results: Seventy five of the 120 autopsies were males, while 45 were females. In 27 (22.5%) cases, the microscopic morphology was close to normal histology. Remaining 93(77.5%) cases had a nephropathological findings The percentage of non glomerular nephropathies (60.8%) was higher as compared to that of glomerular lesions (16%). 20 (16% ) cases exhibited glomerular alterations such focal global glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerular sclerosis, nodular mesangial sclerosis, basement thickening and mesangial cellular proliferation. Tubular and interestium lesions were observed in 34.16% which included acute tubular necrosis, chronic pyelonephritis and tubercular pyelonephritis. Renal arteriosclerosis was observed in 25% cases. Renal cell carcinoma was incidentally detected in1.6% Conclusion: Our study provided satisfactory data in respect to morphological spectrum of various renal lesions in autopsy.