Internet of things (IoT) in manufacturing can be defined as a future where every day physical objects in the shop floor, people and systems (things) are connected by the Internet to build services critical to the manufacturing. Smart factory is a way towards a factory-of-things, which is very much aligned with IoT. IoT not only deals with smart connections between physical objects but also with the interaction with different IT tools used within the digital factory. Data and information come from heterogeneous IT systems and from different domains, viewpoints, levels of granularity and life cycle phases causing potential inconsistencies in the data sharing, preventing interoperability. Hence, our aim is to investigate approaches and principles when integrating the digital factory, IT tools and IoT in manufacturing in a heterogeneous IT environment to ensure data consistency. In particular this paper suggests an approach to identify what, when and how information should be integrated. Secondly it suggests integration between IoT and PLM platforms using semantic web technologies and Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) standard on tool interoperability.
Current Product Lifecycle Management systems (PLM) have concentrated on product design, not on manufacturing engineering with its development of e.g. Material flows and layouts. This paper proposes an approach to describe how to represent the main required manufacturing process data using ontologies together with generic data standards. This approach makes it possible to develop translations between different software, and also providing users with the meaning of different concepts. It contributes to an efficient management of manufacturing information, with a focus on the material flow information as used in Discrete Event Simulation -DES.
A fundamental requirement for executing Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is incorporating a data structure that represents process, product and resource information, their interrelations. Further, the capability of integrating this data structure with other types of information such as geometry, e.g. for sizes of products or distances of transports, is of vital interest.
Manufacturing information is normally not integrated but is heterogeneous and stored in different ComputerAided Design (CAD), and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) applications in the factory plant. Therefore it is important to create an information sharing repository that is based on a standardized and system neutral format to enable interoperability. Availability of relevant information would considerably cut the time of building the DES models, prevent mistakes in data entry and facilitate the reconfiguration analysis. This paper aims to describe how to represent the main required operational data of a manufacturing system for DES by using ISO 10303 Application Protocol 214 (STEP AP214) in order to fulfill the mentioned characteristics of data and information. Stochastic properties of manufacturing resource and corresponding processes such as measured cycle time and disturbances information are represented using application module 1274 (ISO 10303-1274) that defines a particular schema for probability distribution representation. A test implementation of the mentioned data including a graphical user interface has been carried out to show the feasibility of the research approach.
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